Research Article
Joint Optimization of Interference and Cost in Cognitive Radio
Heterogeneous Network Using Fuzzy Logic Powered Ants
Shahzad Latif,
1,2
Suhail Akraam,
3
and Muhammad Aamer Saleem
4
1
School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Shaheed Zulfkar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Islamabad, Pakistan
3
International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Correspondence should be addressed to Shahzad Latif; shahzadlatif97@gmail.com
Received 24 April 2017; Revised 2 August 2017; Accepted 16 August 2017; Published 9 October 2017
Academic Editor: Xianfu Lei
Copyright © 2017 Shahzad Latif et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Te advent of emerging wireless technologies has increased the demand of spectrum resources. On the other hand, present spectrum
assignment is fxed and underutilized. Cognitive radio (CR) provides good solution to spectrum scarcity problem to accommodate
new wireless applications. Te network selection is an important mechanism in cognitive radio heterogeneous network (CRHN)
to provide optimal Quality of Service (QoS) to both Primary Users (PUs) and Secondary Users (SUs). Te aim of this work is to
provide optimal QoS to SUs by appropriate network selection and channel assignment. Te proposed FLACSA selects the best
network while maximizing the data rate and minimizing the interference and cost simultaneously. Simulation results show the
attractive performance of our proposed algorithm.
1. Introduction
Data transmission over wireless channel has been increased
exponentially during the last decade. Due to this heavy load,
wireless systems are facing problem of spectrum scarcity.
To solve this problem, either expand wireless spectrum or
use available spectrum efciently and intelligently. Fifh-
generation (5G) networks are expected to provide high data
rates with good QoS. Tus, in the coming years, demand for
high data rates will increase manyfold. Tere are diferent
views about 5G architecture: how to cope with high data rates
such as cognitive radios, small cells, light communication,
and MIMO communication systems. Te 5G networks are
considered as a heterogeneous network that consists of dif-
ferent types of primary networks. Te small cells deployment
can meet the demand of high data rates in 5G networks.
Moreover, efcient spectrum sharing temporally and spatially
ensures the coverage of 5G networks everywhere and all the
time. CRN opportunistically utilized the spectrum of licensed
networks (primary network). CRNs are becoming the best
choice to use wireless spectrum efciently [1]. CRNs use the
spectrum holes available in existing wireless networks. Te
unlicensed users of CRN are known as SUs and licensed users
of primary networks are known as PUs [2].
Tis may face a problem in selecting which licensed net-
work to join because CRHN incorporates multiple primary
networks with diferent price and capacity requirements. In
CRHN, selection of a suitable network [3], keeping in view
the price, interference, and capacity, is thus very important [4,
5]. Authors in [6] considered a network selection problem as a
noncooperative game in which SUs were considered as play-
ers that achieved equilibrium without cooperation. Markov
decision process is proposed in [7] to maximize SUs through-
put in a cognitive radio heterogeneous network. Many tech-
niques, such as game theory based spectrum allocation [8],
pricing, and auction mechanism based spectrum assignment
[9–11], have been developed in the literature on spectrum
assignment in CRHN. Multiobjective optimization is NP-
hard problem in cognitive radio networks [12].
Evolutionary computing algorithms are good to approx-
imate NP-hard problems due to their low computational
complexity [12]. Evolutionary algorithms are inspired from
Hindawi
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
Volume 2017, Article ID 1075252, 11 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1075252