Pergamon
0040-4020(94)00990-2
Tetrahedron Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 1197-1208, 1995
Copyright © 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd
Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
0040-4020/95 $9.50+0.00
First Unequivocal Synthesis of
1 or 8-N-Monosubstituted 1,4,8,12-Tetraazacyciopentadecane
Colin Granier and Roger Guilard*
Laboratoire d'IngEnierie Mol6culaire pour la S6paration et l'Application des Gaz Associ6au CNRS (LIMSAG)
IYMR 9953
Facult6des Sciences"Gabriel"
6, Boulevard Gabriel
21100 Dijon
France
Abstract: A novel method derived from Kaden's modification I of the Richman
and Atkins's cyclization 2 using tosylated synthons allows the unequivocal synthesis of
1 and 8-monofunctionalized 1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclo-pentadecane. Both syntheses are
described.
Despite the ever growing interest in the coordinating properties of macrocycles such as crown-ethers,
cryptands or cyclophanes 3'4 most studies involving N-monosubstituted derivatives of tetraazamacrocycles
have been made either on cyclam or isocyclam. The N-monofunctionalization of the former was achieved by
reacting five equivalents of the parent "free-base" with one equivalent (to avoid polysubstitution) of
halogenated derivative 5. Still, removing the excess of cyclam from the final product remains time consuming
and therefore, prior to the substitution, it can be interesting to protect three of the nitrogens as recently
described 6'7. On the other hand, the synthesis of N-monosubstituted derivatives of isocyclam involves the
condensation of symmetrical synthons 8'9. We report here the results of our research on the synthesis of N-
monosubstituted tetraazamacrocycles by reaction of an unsymmetrical synthon with a symmetrical one. The
method is partially derived from that used by Kaden and al.1 involving a macrocycle in which one nitrogen is
discriminated.
Condensation of N-cyanoethylbenzylamine 1 with chloroacetonitrile 10 yielded after careful distillation
the N-cyanomethyI-N-cyanoethyl-benzylamine 2 (52%) (Scheme 1). Hydrogenation ll of 2 gave 4-benzyl-
1,4,8-triazaoctane 3 in a quantitative yield. Tosylation of 3 was performed by dropwise addition over a period
of 5 hours of tosyl chloride in an etheral solution on a stirred solution of 3 in presence of two equivalents of
sodium hydroxyde leading to the first synthon 4 in a quantitative yield.
1197