Corresponding author: sfares2@yahoo.com
DOI: 10.21608/ajnsa.2019.6648.1153
© Scientific Information, Documentation and Publishing Office (SIDPO)-EAEA
Arab J. Nucl. Sci. Appl., Vol. XX, X, 1-9 (2019)
Natural Radioactivity Measurement of Bricks Used in the Building Materials
of Egypt
S.Fares
(1,2)
, H.A.Yakout
(3)
1
Department of Radiation Physics, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology NCRRT, Atomic Energy
Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
2
Department of Physics , Faculty of Science, Baha University, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Percentage and radionuclides content in the brick material used in construction depend on the origin
and the geological condition of the source material. Bricks used as building materials in Egypt were
manufactured from clay and rocks extracted from deposited sediments of Nile River. The aim of the
study was to determine the radiation activity resulting from a different kind of bricks used in the
construction process in Egypt. In the present work, 20 samples of three types of bricks, clay brick (CB),
making facade brick (MFB) and firebrick (FB) were selected from different regions and plants in Egypt.
The activity concentration of
226
Ra,
232
Th and
40
K in many brick under investigation were measured
using gamma ray spectroscopy system. Results showed that, the radium equivalent concentration (Raeq)
calculated and compared well with the world reported values. As shown in the results, the mean values
of radioactivity concentrations of
226
Ra,
232
Th and
40
K for CB bricks, which represent the highest ??? in
many bricks in the present study with values (39, 38 and 199 Bq/kg), respectively. Radium equivalent
activities calculated for many bricks in the study???. The average values of radium equivalent activities
110, 88 and 83 Bq/kg, for bricks type were found to be below the global level of 370 Bq/kg of building
materials.The maximum values of Ra
eq
calculated for all studied samples were found to be 152.79 Bq/kg
for (CB4) sample, 112.0 for (MFB10) sample, and 118.77 Bq/kg for (FB20) sample. To test the
radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity, the potential radiological hazards were assessed by
calculating the indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (DR), the annual effective dose rate, outdoor and
indoor (Deff), the alpha index (Iα), the gamma index (Iγ), and the external hazard (Hex) and internal
hazard (Hin) indices. Considering that the values of the risk indicators were lower than the
recommended levels, we have concluded that the buildings constructed from these brick samples in our
study are safe for the population.
Keywords: Brick, Radioactivity, Health hazard indices, Radium equivalent, HPGe.
Introduction
Radiation background is one of the active
environmental factors that are very significant in a
human’s life. It is important to show population
exposures in buildings resulting from natural
radioactivity in building materials, which a source
of exposure to indoor radiation. The appoint
of
226
Ra,
232
Th and
40
K content in building
materials is the main concern indoor radiation in
dwellings which produces significant internal and
external dose rates in nGy/h [1,2]. So, the activity
concentration of these radionuclides measured by
researchers in various building materials in
different countries of the world such as in Egypt
[3-8], for different fabricated types of bricks (clay,
cement, and sand) and used in buildings in Cairo
region in Egypt [9].
ISSN 1110-0451 (ESNSA) Web site: ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
Received 13
th
Dec. 2018
Accepted 19
th
May 20 19