ISSN 1062-7391, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 974–981. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2014.
974
__________________________________ MINERAL _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DRESSING
Conventional Flotation Techniques to Separate Metallic
and Nonmetallic Fractions from Waste Printed Circuit Boards
with Particles Nonconventional Size
1
P. M. Gallegos-Acevedo
a*
, J. Espinoza-Cuadra
a
, and J. M. Olivera-Ponce
b
a
Instituto de Minería, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca,
Carretera a Acatlima Km. 2.5, C. P. 69000, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, México
*e-mail: gallegos@mixteco.utm.mx
b
Industrial Engineering thesis, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca,
Carretera a Acatlima Km. 2.5, C. P. 69000, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, México
Received October 24, 2014
Abstract—This paper shows the results obtained by using a conventional Denver D12 flotation cell to
separate the metal and a non-metallic material obtained from printed circuit boards (PCB). The bubble
superficial surface rate (SB) and percentage of solids in feed was changed to evaluate the recovery of
nonmetallic material in overflow product (concentrate) and the metal material in underflow (tailings). The
solids content in feed is most influential parameter in nonmetallic material recovery. Finally, a flotation
circuit is proposed as well as a flotation mechanism for this unconventional mix.
Keywords: Froth flotation, printed circuit board (PCB), metal recovery, recycling, urban mining.
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739114050172
INTRODUCTION
As a result of the revolution in information technology, the production of electrical and electronic
equipment (EEE) has increased rapidly in the world [1]. Economic growth, technological innovation
and market expansion of the EEE bring a significant increase in waste thereof, representing a new
environmental challenge [2, 3].
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) contain a variety of substances, organic
and inorganic, whose composition depends on type and age of equipment manufacturing [4].
Since the late 90’s, it is considered that the WEEE are an important source of base materials such
as precious and base metals, which have a high economic potential [5]. It is estimated that only in the
European Union 8 million tons of WEEE are generated each year, with an annual growth rate of 5.3%
[6] and 20 to 50 million metric tons in rest of the world [7].
The printed circuit boards (PCB) are the essential parts of electronic devices and contain metals in
WEEE (Table 1), are particularly rich in copper and precious metals [8]. In general, PCB contain
fiberglass reinforced resins (> 70%), copper (16%), iron (4%), iron and/or ferrite (3%), nickel (2%),
silver (2%), gold (0.05%), palladium (0.01%) and others (bismuth, antimony, tantalum, etc.
<0.01%) [9].
Table 1. Materials presents in a WEEE [1]
Material Content (%)
Metals 60.6
Ceramics 7.4
Polymers 20.6
PCB’s 3.1
Others 8.1
1
The article is published in the original.