72 The LATIN AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW 2(2) opment problem, Grindle explores multifaceted strategies that may work in one region and perhaps not in another. The book begins with a critical assessment of development theories that predict future rural development will occur as a consequence of increased agricultural growth and productiv- ity. Grindle does not deny that this strategy may work in certain, resource abundant regions. She counters, however, that many rural areas are not so fortunate and are confronted with ecological constraints, inequitable land distribution and discriminatory government policies. With these "real world" concerns in mind, Grindle points out that the Mexican expe- rience can teach us much. Mexican rural inhabitants, wishing both to maximize gain and minimize risk, have opted to migrate in search of wage laborto urban areas within both Mexico and the United States. These labor migrants send remittances "home" to the rural areas from which they originated. During difficult times, such funds are usually used for subsistence. During good times, however, these funds are a ready source of capital that are usually put to use in home improvements, appliance acquisi- tion and business ventures. Grindle's main point is that Mexicans already demonstrate the road to rural develop- ment-increased employment opportunities, not increased agricultural productivity. Grindle successfully argues this thesis. Her argument is well documented with case studies and evidence from four municfpios (Tepoztlan, Jaral del Progreso, Uni6n de San Antonio, Villamar). This book would be of use to those interested in the fields of rural development, labor migration, and/or contemporary Mexico. The book is organized, to the point and well written. Those looking for detailed descriptions of the four municfpios will not be satisfied. Detailed works are referred to in the footnotes and are fully cited in the bibliography. Even though one is still "searching for rural development" after having read Grindle's book, at least the search has become targeted and some avenues of approach seem more appropriate than others in reaching the goal of rural development. Archaeology/ Ethnohistory Travels and Archaeology In South Chile. JUNIUS B. BIRD with MARGARET BIRD (edited by John Hyslop). Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1988. 278 pp. $27.50 (Cloth). ISBN 0-87745-202-4. ANNA C. ROOSEVELT American Museum of Natural History Travels and Archaeology in South Chile tells the story of Bird's archaeological explorations in the far southern tip of South America, an isolated region to which only afew archae- ologists have ventured. The book is an important summary of Bird's South Chile research, which has been published previ- ously only in scattered articles. The book was compiled from Junius Bird's research notebooks and articles, Margaret Bird's diaries, and the results of new analyses of the archaeo- logical material that they and their colleagues excavated. It presents in detail all the significant archaeological results and describes the excavations carried out at each of five important sites. The Birds' observations about several now-extinct Indian communities and the characteristics of the environ- ment are included also. The book makes excellent reading, despite its composite nature. Junius Bird was a clear and elegant writer, and it is unfortunate that he did not write more. His list of publications is long, but his research was so extensive that much was left unpublished when he died. Because his notes were vast and meticulous, and because he recorded and catalogued finds carefully, his family and colleagues have been able to put together definitive accounts of the research. John Hyslop is to be credited for pulling all the material together and present- ing It in a comprehensive and organized form. His editing is graceful and unobtrusive. In addition to the archaeological results given in the text, Margaret Bird's diaries describe the Birds' life in the field and recount the progress of the digging and the excitement of the discoveries. She and Junius reveled in these field trips despite the slogging work and difficult living conditions. This book communicates the essence of Bird's personal and professional character. He was brilliant, innovative, methodical, persistent, hardy and honorable. Perhaps his most outstanding characteristic was his intense interest in and respect for people of all walks of life. He also was a wonderful teacher, who lectured and conversed nonstop about archaeology. Bird's intellectual independence was another outstanding characteristic. He was a leader in the development of ar- chaeological field methods. His fieldwork was in many ways better and more meticulous than that of his contemporaries. At a time when his most prestigious colleagues had their excavations carried out by laborers with picks and shovels and nary a screen, he always excavated along side of his assistants and made sure that the soil from the excavations was screened methodically. His studies of stratigraphy and features were sophisticated at a time when many archaeolo- gists treated archaeological deposits as undifferentiated wholes. His strong interest and expertise in the fields of subsistence, crafts, art, and technology led him to unique insights into the meaning of the archaeological record. One of Bird's important contributions to American archae- ology was his discovery in South Chile of what is still the best evidence forthe paleo-lndian occupation of South America. It is not possible to exaggerate the interpretive significance of his work there. As stated in the book, "Junius Bird was to be the first to pin down an early man claim in South America and make it stick"(p.xvi). His work showed clear evidence for an occupation by human foragers during the late Pleistocene/ early Holocene boundary, when quite a different environment existed in the area. An extraordinary aspect of his research in South Chile is the excellent preservation of archaeological material in the early sites that he excavated. The dry caves contained much ancient organic material, as did some of the waterlogged deposits below some of the shelters. Bird recovered prehis- toric animal hair, skin, dung, insects and abundant plant