Ghaith F Sahtout, Ahmad S Burhan, Fehmieh R Nawaya. The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Pain Induced by Elastomeric Separators in Patients Who are Candidate For Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(2):1606-1609. 1606 OPEN ACCESS https://scidoc.org/IJDOS.php The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Pain Induced by Elastomeric Separators in Patients Who are Candidate For Orthodontic Treatment Research Article Ghaith F Sahtout 1* , Ahmad S Burhan 1 , Fehmieh R Nawaya 2 1 Department of Orthodontics and DentofacialOrthopaedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus Contryside, Syria. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science (IJDOS) ISSN: 2377-8075 *Corresponding Author: Ghaith F Sahtout, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. Tel: 00963992635566 E-mail: gsahtout@gmail.com Received: December 30, 2020 Accepted: January 30, 2021 Published: February 13, 2021 Citation: Ghaith F Sahtout, Ahmad S Burhan, Fehmieh R Nawaya. The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Pain Induced by Elastomeric Separators in Patients Who are Candidate For Orthodontic Treatment Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(2):1606-1609. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000318 Copyright: Ghaith F Sahtout © 2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Orthodontic treatment involves applying many forces to the peri- odontal ligament throughout its several stages, so orthodontic treatment is considered a painful procedure [1]. Patients under- going orthodontic treatment may behold a considerable amount of disturbance, such as feelings of stress, burden, irritation of teeth, and even pain [2]. Clinical practice and modern research data signalize that patients may acclimate to persistent pain and annoyance with the development of treatment as the sensations cut out or at least mold from their center of awareness [3]. In order to supply an appropriate distance for the inserting ofor- thodontic bands, orthodontists usually insert elastomeric sepa- rators in the mesial and distal of the tooth. Elastomeric sepa- rators positioning is considered a distressing step for almost all patients [4]. Enforcing elastomeric separators breeds compres- sion in the periodontal ligament which procures the excretion of infammatory mediators, like prostaglandins and histamine, that induce free nerve endings resulting in the perception of pain [5, 6]. Subversive health outcomes may result from smoking, which is considered a pioneer problem nowadays. Many cigarette ad- dicts are able to quit, on the other hand, equal numbers are not able to quit smoking. The neoteric knowledge in the neurobiol- ogy of nicotine dependence has defned several neurotransmitter systems that may take a part in the process of smoking conser- vation and retrogression. These implicate dopamine particularly, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine, endogenous opioids, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and en- docannabinoids [7]. Nicotine has some tranquilizer traits; it was Abstract Objectives: Studying the effects of cigarette smoking on the pain induced by elastomeric separators in patients who need orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of (40) patients, whose ages ranged between (20-27) years, in need of orthodontic treatment by fxed appliance, with a non-extraction treatment plan. The patients were distributed into two groups (smokers and non-smokers), smokers group consisted of patients who smoke more than 20 cigarettes (between 20 to 25) per day. The non-smoker group consisted of patients who never smoke any cigarette during their lifetime. After applying the elastomeric separation, the patients were asked to record their pain severity through a questionnaire, that contains a digital optical scale (VAS) including 0 (0 means no pain) to 10 cm) 10 means the worst possible pain), after)1) hour, (24) hours, and (48) hours and a week of elastomeric separators placement, in both rest and chewing modes, for each time. Mann-Whitney test was used to study the signifcance of the differences between the average pain amount and the two groups at the signifcance level of (P = 0.05). Results: 40 patients were evaluated for eligibility. Pain data were statistically analyzed. A statistical signifcance was found after all assessment points except after 7 days, in both chewing and rest. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking may affect pain levels induced by elastomeric separators. Keywords: Cigarette Smoking; Nicotine; Orthodontic Pain; Elastomeric Separators.