Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5(12): 710-713, 2013
ISSN: 2041-0484; e-ISSN: 2041-0492
© Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013
Submitted: March 01, 2012 Accepted: March 16, 2012 Published: December 20, 2013
Corresponding Author: Musa, Salihu Danlami, Department of Geography and Planning, Kogi State University, Anyigba,
Nigeria
710
Human Health Implications of Waste Dump Cultivated Vegetables in Anyigba,
Kogi State, Nigeria
Musa, Salihu Danlami and Ifatimehin, Olarewaju Oluseyi
Department of Geography and Planning, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
Abstract: The study is purposely to determine the level of heavy metals in vegetables cultivated on waste dumps
and seek its implication on the health of its consumers. Many of these waste dump sites have been converted to
agricultural sites particularly for the cultivation of vegetables, to achieve both dietary and economic advantages.
Farmers are taking advantage of the positive crop yield effect of these dumpsites. However, there are fears about the
possible hazards of the consumption of such crops because of the presence of heavy metals. Amaranthus caudatus
vegetables grown on an abandoned dumpsite and an adjacent plot were sampled and subjected to laboratory analysis
to determine the levels of heavy metals. The result indicated a slightly higher presence of heavy metals in the
adjacent plot, 7.27, 6.53 and 0.72 ppm for Fe, Zn and Cu respectively compared to the abandoned dumpsite where
7.10, 5.37 and 0.58 ppm respectively were recorded for the same elements; the values of the heavy metals were
found to be within acceptable limits for human consumption. Although, it has been revealed that consumption of the
vegetable may be safe in the short run; constant check must be made on the quality of the crop to avert possible
human health hazards as a result of possible build up of the heavy metals due to mineralization.
Keywords: Dumpsite, heavy metals, urban wastes, vegetables, waste disposal
INTRODUCTION
Of the many problems associated with urbanization
in especially sub-Saharan Africa, waste management
crisis has assumed an important position. Today, waste
disposal had became an acute problem in numerous
urban centres across Africa (Pasquini and Harris, 2005),
with formal waste collection ranging from 11 to 44%
for households in cities such as Accra, Kinshasha,
Lagos, Ibadan, Kaduna and Enugu (Pasquini and
Harris, 2005) Nigeria has an enormous waste
management problem and all over the country, there are
examples of unsanitary open dumps and industrial
contaminations which are continuously discharged into
streams and rivers without treatment (Agunwamba,
1998).
The problem posed by poor management of solid
waste in urban areas of Nigeria has been documented
(Ayeni, 1978; Adedibu, 1983, 1986, 1994; Ayoade,
1983; Onorkhoraye, 1985; Mabogunje, 1988; Omuta,
1988; Musa, 2006). Urban waste crises in Nigeria can
be ascribed to factors like rapid increase in urban
population, heavy consumption pattern of urban
dwellers and inefficiency of the authorities whose
statutory responsibilities are to manage refuse in the
cities. Consequently, dumpsites have become
prominent and permanent features of almost all urban
areas in Nigeria. The wastes consists of garbage from
households, markets and small scale industries and
simply dumped, rarely incinerated or burnt in the open
(Ezeaku et al., 2003). Municipal solid waste disposal
problems are becoming the most embarrassing
environmental problems staring the nation today, as
dumpsites are now being sadly used as landmarks and
reference points for traveling directions (Aina, 1994).
Dumpsites are now becoming permanent features
of the urban landscape in the country; the sites in some
locations are being converted into cultivated fields or
locations from where farm manure could be obtained.
This certainly is expected since for long soil has been
recognized to be an important medium for organic
waste disposal (Loughry, 1973; Smith et al., 1996) and
today, the composted urban waste is added to improve
its fertility and as well crop yield (Garcia et al., 2000)
as compost is rich in organic matter and serves as an
important nutrient for plants (Garcia-Gomez et al.,
2003). However, it may increase the level of potentially
harmful trace metals and various persistent organic
toxins (Ezeaku et al., 2003; Garcia et al., 2000).
Consumption of contaminated food through
consumption of plants cultivated on contaminated soil
or indirectly through consumption of milk or meat from
a grazing animals that have injected contaminated
plants or soil can transfer the contaminant to man.
Other health hazards associated with the use of polluted
water, soil, plants include; diarrhea, cholera, intestinal
worms and typhoid fever. Agriculturalists are much
worried about the pollution especially the entry of the