140 Neoplasma 62, 1, 2015 doi:10.4149/neo_2015_018 Allogeneic stem cell transplantation can improve outcome of AML patients without complete cytogenetic response afer induction and consolidation treatment P. DVORAK 1,2, *, D. LYSAK 3 , S. VOKURKA 3 , M. KARAS 3 , I. SUBRT 1 1 Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic; 2 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic; 3 Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic *Correspondence: Pavel.Dvorak@lfp.cuni.cz Received April 2, 2014 / Accepted May 19, 2014 Our retrospective analysis was performed on 376 consecutive patients diagnosed with AML. A total of 256 (68%) were treated with standard “7+3” induction and high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone containing “4+3” consolidation/ intensifcation regimens. Our study focused on patients with presumably very poor prognosis – patients, who did not achieve complete cytogenetic remission (CRc). Twenty-fve AML patients without CRc were further analysed for clinical and laboratory parameters. Firstly, the subgroups with or without morphologic CR were compared. Similar cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in both with myelodysplasia related changes being the most common. Complex karyotype with deletion of 5q constituted approximately a third of all karyotypes in both subgroups. Tere were 1 patient with in- termediate risk cytogenetics in the subgroup without morphologic CR and 5 patients in the subgroup with morphologic CR. Interestingly, in 4/25 patients subclones were diminished by the chemotherapy treatment, however cytogenetically less advanced clones proliferated. Secondly, transplanted or nontransplanted patients were analysed. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) was found to be the only curative treatment for patients without CRc afer 7+3 and 4+3 regi- mens. In our cohort, 40% of the patients, who underwent allo-SCT, are alive. Importantly, 67% of the patients, who died afer allo-SCT, died of causes unrelated to progression of AML. Nonrelapse mortality is therefore one of the felds where survival could be further improved. Key words: acute myeloid leukaemia, complete cytogenetic remission, cytogenetic abnormalities, stem cell transplantation, nonrelapse mortality Te prognostic importance of some cytogenetic abnor- malities identifed at diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has been proved in many extensive studies. Cytogenetic abnormalities were also largely refected in the latest WHO classifcation of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues [1]. Furthermore, the international working group led by Cheson recommended to use the achievement of complete cytogenetic remission (CRc) afer chemotherapy as one of the most important criteria for assessment of treatment outcomes already in 2003 [2]. However, only a few studies focusing on this topic have been published. In fact, a detailed analysis of clinical data together with cytogenetic characteristic of AML patients, who failed to achieve CRc afer induction and consoli- dation/intensifcation chemotherapy, has not been published so far. Tis study adds to the limited amount of research in this important feld. Materials and methods Our retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 376 consecutive patients, who were diagnosed with AML at University Hospital Pilsen between January 2000 and December 2012. A total of 256 (68%) of these patients were treated with the “7+3” induction and high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone containing “4+3” consolidation/inten- sifcation regimens (both regimens are described below), 71 (19%) were maintained with a diferent type of chemo- therapy or got only 7+3 regimen and 49 (13%) were given