Neuroscience & Medicine, 2018, 9, 63-80 http://www.scirp.org/journal/nm ISSN Online: 2158-2947 ISSN Print: 2158-2912 DOI: 10.4236/nm.2018.92008 Jun. 15, 2018 63 Neuroscience & Medicine Toxicity Profile of Karuho Poison on the Brain of Wistar Albino Rats Samuel Kule Kyolo 1 , Godfrey S. Bbosa 1* , John Odda 1 , Aloysius M. Lubega 1 , Ntabe Namegabe Edmond 2 1 Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda 2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs (ULPGL), Goma City, DR Congo Abstract Various forms of Karuho poisoning are a common traditional mystery and a public health challenge in Goma city, North Kivu in DRC practiced by un- scrupulous people. Its signs and symptoms are commonly mistaken by local communities and medical world with those of tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and typhoid fever; with neurological and psychological symptoms. Study investi- gated sub-acute toxicity of Karuho poison on brain of Wistar albino rats. La- boratory based experimental study was conducted at Department of Pharma- cology & Therapeutics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences. A to- tal of 4 Karuho poisons (OMGKRP, DLNKRP, CHKRP and BHKRP) were screened for acute and sub-acute toxicity. Fifty animals, 10 in each group were daily dosed for 28 days with 1 mg, 5 mg, 20 mg and 5000 mg/kg bwt of OMGKRP (most active following screening) and normal saline for control group using OECD 407 and NIH 2011 guidelines. Behavioral changes were noted. Histopathological changes in brain regions were analyzed. Treated rats by OMGKRP, most active Karuho poison, were associated with sign of de- pression, piloerection and shortness of breath. Histopathological changes re- vealed moderate diffuse congestion and mononuclear inflammatory cells in- filtration (plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophage) in cerebral region with severe inflammation observed in meninges of cerebellum. OMGKRP poison induced inflammation of meninges of cerebellar region of brain. Keywords Karuho Poison, OMGKRP, Brain Tissue and Sub-Acute Toxicity 1. Introduction Karuho poisoning is a common public health problem in Goma city in Eastern How to cite this paper: Kyolo, S.K., Bbosa, G.S., Odda, J., Lubega, A.M. and Edmond, N.N. (2018) Toxicity Profile of Karuho Poison on the Brain of Wistar Albino Rats. Neuroscience & Medicine, 9, 63-80. https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2018.92008 Received: March 3, 2018 Accepted: June 12, 2018 Published: June 15, 2018 Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access