Research Article
Collaboration among Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical
Nurses: A Scoping Review of Practice Guidelines
Dawn Prentice ,
1
Jane Moore,
1
Joanne Crawford,
1
Sara Lankshear,
2
and Jacqueline Limoges
2
1
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario,
Canada L2S 3A1
2
Health, Wellness and Sciences, Georgian College, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoDawnPrentice;dprentice@brocku.ca
Received 2 December 2019; Revised 6 May 2020; Accepted 8 May 2020; Published 2 June 2020
AcademicEditor:FlorenceLuhanga
Copyright©2020DawnPrenticeetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Professional associations, nurse scholars, and practicing nurses suggest that intraprofessional collaboration between nurses is
essentialfortheprovisionofqualitypatientcare.However,thereisapaucityofevidencedescribingcollaborationamongnurses,
includingtheoutcomesofcollaborationtosupporttheseclaims.eaimofthisscopingreviewwastoexaminenursingpractice
guidelinesthatinformtheregisterednurse(RN)andregistered/licensedpracticalnurse(R/LPN)collaborativepracticeinacute
care,summarizeanddisseminatethefindings,andidentifygapsintheliterature.Tenpracticeguidelines,allpublishedinCanada,
wereincludedinthefinalscopingreview.efindingsindicatethatmanyoftheguidelineswerenotevidenceinformed,whichwas
amajorgap.Althoughtheguidelinesdiscussedthestructuresneededtosupportintraprofessionalcollaboration,andmostofthe
guidelines mention that quality patient care is the desired outcome of intraprofessional collaboration, outcome indicators for
measuringsuccessfulcollaborativepracticeweremissinginmanyoftheguidelines.Conflictresolutionisanimportantprocess
componentofcollaborativepractice;yet,itwasonlymentionedinafewoftheguidelines.Futureguidelinesshouldbeevidence
informedandprovideoutcomeindicatorsinordertomeasureifthecollaborativepracticeisoccurringinthepracticesetting.
1. Background
Over the past two decades, the health care system has un-
dergone a significant transformation which has required that
allteammembersworktotheirfullscopeofpractice.Inorder
topracticetofullscope,registerednurses(RNs)andregistered/
licensed practical nurses (R/LPNs) are required to work to-
getherusingacollaborativepracticemodelofcaretomeetthe
needsofcomplexpatients[1].Collaborationamonghealthcare
providers has long been regarded as a means for ensuring
optimal quality patient care [2]. As such, the profession has
developedguidancedocumentssuchaspracticeguidelinesto
supportnursestostrengthentheircollaborativepracticeskills.
Collaboration in the context of health care delivery is de-
scribedasworkingtogetherwithoneormoremembersofthe
health care team with each member making a unique contri-
bution toward achieving a common goal [3]. Collaboration
betweenteammembersfromthesameprofessionisreferredto
as intraprofessional collaboration [3], and among nurses, it is
viewed as a relational process between colleagues who share
commonprofessionaleducation,values,socialization,identity,
and experience [4]. Engaging in collaborative practice is a
professional expectation and is a required competency for all
categories/designations of nurses in many countries [5–8].
enursingprofessioninCanadaiscomprisedoffour
different categories of nurses including registered nurses
(RNs), registered/licensed practical nurses (R/LPNs), reg-
istered psychiatric nurses (RPNs), and nurse practitioners
(NPs). e term LPN is used extensively across North
AmericaexceptintheprovinceofOntario,Canada,where
LPNsarereferredtoasregisteredpracticalnurses(RPNs).
ebasicentrytopracticeeducationalrequirementsforRNs
and R/LPNs varies across Canada. However, in most
provinces, entry to practice for an R/LPN is a two-year
Hindawi
Nursing Research and Practice
Volume 2020, Article ID 5057084, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5057084