African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(23), pp. 3429-3432, 19 June, 2012
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR
DOI: 10.5897/AJAR11.2061
ISSN 1991-637X ©2012 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of extractive industry on an agricultural soil in
San Luis Potosí, México
Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ortiz
1
, Jorge Alonso Alcalá Jáuregui
1
*, Catarina Loredo Osti
1
,
Humberto Rodríguez Fuentes
2
, J. Jesús Tapia Goné
1
and Alejandra Hernández Montoya
1
1
Faculty of Agronomy, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Km 14.5 Carr, San Luis-Matehuala, Soledad de
Graciano Sánchez, S.L.P. México.
2
Faculty of Agronomy, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Km 7.5 Carr.Zuazua-Marín, Marín, N. L. México.
Accepted 3 May, 2012
This case study arose from the opening of an ordinary civil trial, brought by a farmer against a company
in the extractive industry sector. The judge required an investigation of: 1) whether the plot of the
producer contained waste materials; 2) if there were chemical residues present; 3) the nature of such
residues; 4) whether the plot was suitable for agriculture; 5) what were the factors which made the soil
unsuitable; and 6) the degree of erosion. 65% (1.63 ha) of the property was affected by industrial spills,
mainly due to the high proportion of gravel at the surface (90%), calcium carbonate equivalent (62%),
reduction of organic matter (1.85 to 1.25%) and excessive erosion (19.44 t ha
-1
). The rest of the plot (0.87
ha) was not affected by these parameters. Both sites were not affected as regards heavy metals and
metalloids pollution, abnormal pH and electrical conductivity.
Key words: Heavy metals, calcium carbonate, gravel.
INTRODUCTION
The main activity of the mining industry is the exploitation
and processing of rock materials, clay, sand and other
natural resources. The state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
has been characterized since its foundation as a major
producer of materials both metallic and nonmetallic,
which in 2010 reached a combined production value of
around $ 957.8 million. Due to the economic importance
of this industry and the production potential of the
organization, expectations of further growth are very high
(Secretary of Economy, 2011).
However, several studies have shown that some
extraction projects can significantly impact the environ-
ment. This damage can be of two types: 1) the impact of
the depletion of nonrenewable resources for future
generations; and 2) the impact of mining on the quality of
the environment through air, soil, water, or noise
pollution, destruction or disturbance of natural habitats,
and visual impact on the landscape (Stacishin et al.,
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jorge.alcala@uaslp.mx. Tel/
Fax: 444 8 52 40 56.
2008).The latter problem has been documented by
several studies in Mexico and Latin America (Rea, 2001;
García et al., 2007; McDonalds, 2009).
This case study arises from the opening of an ordinary
civil trial, brought by a farmer against a company in the
extractive industry sector (mainly a producer of
limestone), which produces 25 000 t day
-1
(Secretary of
Economy, 2011). The producer, said to have been
affected by the deposition of mineral materials in the plot
(2.5 ha) from the year 2002, now finds himself unable to
produce consumption commodities such as maize and
beans.
In 2009, the judge of civil branch office requested to
investigate the following:
1) Whether the plot contained waste materials,
2) If such materials were chemical wastes,
3) The nature of any material and chemical contaminants,
4) Whether the plot was suitable for agriculture,
5) What factors, if any, made the plot unsuitable for
agriculture?
6) The degree of soil erosion.