Research Article
Motorcycle On-Road Driving Parameters Influencing
Fuel Consumption and Emissions on Congested Signalized
Urban Corridor
Atthapol Seedam,
1
Thaned Satiennam,
1
Thana Radpukdee,
1
Wichuda Satiennam,
1
and Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
2
1
Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Tailand
2
School of Transportation Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Tailand
Correspondence should be addressed to Taned Satiennam; sthaned@kku.ac.th
Received 21 January 2017; Accepted 12 March 2017; Published 9 May 2017
Academic Editor: Jose E. Naranjo
Copyright © 2017 Atthapol Seedam et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Tis study aims to fnd the on-road driving parameters infuencing fuel consumption and emissions of motorcycle driving on a
congested signalized urban corridor. A motorcycle onboard measurement system was developed to measure instantaneously and
continuously record on-road driving data, including speed-time profle, emissions, and fuel consumption, by the second. Te test
motorcycles were driven by 30 sample motorcyclists on a signalized urban corridor in Khon Kaen City, Tailand, to collect their
on-road driving behavior during the morning peak period. Cluster analysis was applied to analyze collected driving data and
to categorize the drivers by level of fuel consumption and on-road driver behavior. Te on-road driving parameter infuencing
fuel consumption and emissions was then determined. Results revealed that proportion of idle time signifcantly infuenced fuel
consumption and emissions of motorcycle driving on a congested signalized urban corridor, though aggressive driving behavior,
hard acceleration and deceleration, did not have the same kind of infuence.
1. Introduction
Te number of motorcycles in many motorcycle-dominated
countries presently has increased rapidly. Te motorcycles
have the largest share, accounting for more than 90% of
the road transport feet in Hanoi, Vietnam [1]. Te number
of registered motorcycles increased to 20 million vehicles,
representing 56% of all vehicles in Tailand [2]. Tis high
demand has increased fuel consumption and is a direct
cause of a large amount of air pollution emissions. Te
Asian Development Bank, ADB [3], reported that the MC
feet emitted about 54% of CO and hydrocarbon (HC)
pollution at roadside in Hanoi. Wang et al. [4] estimated
that motorcycles emitted approximately 45.0% of the Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOC) and approximately 36.3% of
the Particulate Matter (PM) of the total emissions from
vehicles in Shanghai, China. In India, Sahu et al. [5] estimated
that motorcycles emitted approximately 37% of the total
emissions from carbon monoxide (CO) in on-road transport.
Fukuda et al. [6] found that, compared with passenger cars,
motorcycles consumed fuel and emitted approximately 30%
and 27% of carbon dioxide (CO
2
), respectively, in Khon
Kaen City, Tailand. Tus, fuel consumption and emissions
from motorcycles in developing cities are problems that need
immediate action.
World Conference on Transport Research Society [7] pro-
posed the CUTE matrix, introducing three strategies, includ-
ing AVOID, SHIFT, and IMPROVE, to reduce fuel consump-
tion and emissions from the transport sector. Te researchers
in motorcycle-dominated countries have proposed measures
according to this matrix, including AVOID (e.g., on-road
ecodriving behavior), SHIFT (e.g., shif to public transport)
[8], and IMPROVE (e.g., improving motorcycle conformance
to the EURO3 standard (Oanh et al., 2012), as well as changing
motorcycles to electric motorcycles [9]). On-road ecodriving
behavior has been reported to reduce fuel consumption and
Hindawi
Journal of Advanced Transportation
Volume 2017, Article ID 5859789, 6 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5859789