Electronic Physician (ISSN: 2008-5842) http://www.ephysician.ir November 2017, Volume: 9, Issue: 11, Pages: 5854-5862, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19082/5854 Corresponding author: Dr. Gholamreza Haghighi, Faculty of Persian and Complementary of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98.5138811716, Fax: +98.5138811716, Email: haghighigh901@mums.ac.ir Received: April 06, 2017, Accepted: June 09, 2017, Published: November 2017 iThenticate screening: June 07, 2017, English editing: October 07, 2017, Quality control: October 15, 2017 This article has been reviewed / commented by Three experts © 2017 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Page 5854 An overview of skin lesions adapted to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Persian Medicine Masoud Maleki 1 , Mahdi Yousefi 2 , Sayyed Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz 3 , Sayyed Abolghasem Sajadi Tabassi 4 , Hasan Rakhshandeh 5 , Shokouh Sadat Hamedi 6 , Gholamreza Haghighi 7,8 1 M.D., Dermatologist, Professor, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2 M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3 M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4 Pharm.D., Ph.D. of Pharmaceutics, Professor, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 5 Pharm.D., Assistant Professor, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 6 Pharm.D., Ph.D. of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 7 M.D., Ph.D. Candidate in Persian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian and Complementary of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 8 Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Type of article: Review Abstract Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) which is prevalent in all continents and is classified by the WHO as one of the neglected tropical diseases, existed in the past also, and discovered ancient works confirm this issue. The lack of adaptation of diseases between Persian Medicine (PM) and Modern medicine, led to no usage of effective therapeutic experiences of prior physicians. Objective: The purpose of this study is finding skin lesions adapted to CL in PM for usage of same disease treatment in the next clinical trials, and the use of approved therapies in CL. Methods: In a narrative review, without time limitation, documentary study was conducted for different names and clinical aspects of CL in printed and electronic resources of modern medicine such as: Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology, Harper’s Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology, PubMed, and Embase. Then, found names were searched in printed and electronic resources of PM such as: Al-Qanun fi al-tibb, Al-Tasrif leman ajeza an-e- Taliff, JamiTib 1.5 published by Noorsoft.org. Then, skin lesions which were similar to CL with these aspects were searched: clinical manifestation and forms, chronicity, curability, mosquito bite, were studied in references of PM. Finally, matching, syllogism and logical inference were performed and conclusion was made. Results: Forty-five names for CL were found in the searched resources. However, only Balkhieh, Kheyroonieh and Baghdadi button were names found in PM resources. Also, from 61 studied skin lesions in PM resources, only 6 cases had similarities to CL. Conclusion: In spite of the existence of CL’s similarity with Balkhieh, Kheyroonieh and the Baghdadi button, there are serious differentiations. Zat-ol-asl rashes and reddish solb rashes, kinds of stranger rashes, probably adapted with CL. Keywords: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Balkhieh, Zat-ol-asl rashes, Reddish solb rashes, Stranger rashes