sustainability
Article
A Conceptual Model for Developing Climate Education in
Sustainability Management Education System
El˙ zbieta Izabela Szczepankiewicz
1,
* , Jan Fazlagi´ c
2
and Windham Loopesko
3
Citation: Szczepankiewicz, E.I.;
Fazlagi´ c, J.; Loopesko, W. A
Conceptual Model for Developing
Climate Education in Sustainability
Management Education System.
Sustainability 2021, 13, 1241.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031241
Academic Editor:
Pedro Vega-Marcote
Received: 30 November 2020
Accepted: 19 January 2021
Published: 25 January 2021
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1
Department of Accounting and Financial Revision, Pozna ´ n University of Economics and Business,
Al. Niepodleglo´ sci 10, 61-875 Pozna ´ n, Poland
2
Department of Services and Market Research, Pozna ´ n University of Economics and Business,
Al. Niepodleglo´ sci 10, 61-875 Pozna ´ n, Poland; jan.fazlagic@ue.poznan.pl
3
International Business, Denver Business School, University of Colorado, 860 Fillmore Street, Denver,
CO 80206, USA; windham.loopesko@ucdenver.edu
* Correspondence: elzbieta.szczepankiewicz@ue.poznan.pl
Abstract: Climate change issues are multi-faceted and transcend different parts of society and the
economy; they expose future generations to life-long health risks. We have a responsibility to future
generations. One way to shape the future is the appropriate design of education systems. In this
article we argue that climate education requires a holistic approach which goes beyond classroom
pedagogies. We argue that climate education should not be limited to interventions within the field
of school curricula alone. We review the main elements of the system of education qualitatively, both
at macro- and micro-levels, and attempt to form a point of view. Our main argument is that climate
education efforts should be coordinated and institutionalised. Based on our qualitative research in
Poland, we developed a conceptual model and linked it to an assessment tool. Our model includes
the elements necessary for a climate-oriented education program. We propose certain indicators
which can be applied at school and higher levels of education system management. Our suggestions
should not be limited to children’s education but should be incorporated into continuing education
for professionals such as lawyers and accountants as well as other adult education programs. The
science and research results are now rich and reliable enough that they can be applied to systemic
social change (not only at the individual level). For this reason our model presents a conceptual
framework for implementing systemic change in education systems that supports the efforts of local
and national authorities to address climate change. The model is general and independent of national
cultures. Our research offers both policymakers and scientists the opportunity to modify our concept
and adapt it to local contexts and the national legal system. Our model should provoke decision-
makers to introduce necessary changes in the legal system. The development of climate awareness
should take a formalised role within a national education system. In this paper we demonstrate a
logical process of reasoning ensuing from the literature review through empirical research down to
the implementation stage.
Keywords: climate education; school management; climate change; policy planning; air pollution
1. Introduction
Climate issues have been gaining in importance in recent years. Climate changes
are observable and not seriously questionable, notwithstanding the studied ignorance of
a substantial minority of Americans. In fact, the agreement among scientists regarding
the human impact on climate change is greater than that on tobacco as the cause of lung
cancer [1]. Governments, organizations, businesses and individuals are becoming alarmed
by climate changes but also seeking actionable solutions, goals and strategies aimed at
alleviating the situation.
Climate education is an integral part of such solutions. Education develops a country’s
economy and society and provides knowledge and skills to the population, as well as
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