Research Article
Advances in Hemodynamic Analysis in Cardiovascular Diseases
Investigation of Energetic Characteristics of Adult and Pediatric
Sputnik Left Ventricular Assist Devices during Mock
Circulation Support
Alexander A. Pugovkin ,
1,2
Aleksandr G. Markov,
2
Sergey V. Selishchev,
1
Leonie Korn,
3
Marian Walter,
3
Steffen Leonhardt,
3
Leo A. Bockeria,
4
Olga L. Bockeria,
4
and Dmitry V. Telyshev
1,2
1
Institute for Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd 124498, Moscow, Russia
2
Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
3
Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
4
Bakulev Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, 121552 Moscow, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed to Alexander A. Pugovkin; pugovkin@bms.zone
Received 4 June 2019; Revised 11 September 2019; Accepted 17 October 2019; Published 15 November 2019
Guest Editor: Anqiang Sun
Copyright©2019AlexanderA.Pugovkinetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
e need to simulate the operating conditions of the human body is a key factor in every study and engineering process of a
bioengineering device developed for implantation. In the present paper, we describe in detail the interaction between the left
ventricle (LV) and our Sputnik left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). is research aims to evaluate the influence of different
rotary blood pumps (RBPs) on the LV depending on the degree of heart failure (HF), in order to investigate energetic char-
acteristics of the LV-LVAD interaction and to estimate main parameters of left ventricular unloading. We investigate energetic
characteristics of adult Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2 LVADs connected to a hybrid adult mock circulation (HAMC) and also for the
Sputnik pediatric rotary blood pump (PRBP) connected to a pediatric mock circulation (PMC). A major improvement of the LV
unloading is observed during all simulations for each particular heart failure state when connected to the LVAD, with sequential
pump speed increased within 5000–10000 rpm for adult LVADs and 6000–13000 rpm for PRBP with 200 rpm step. Additionally, it
was found that depending on the degree of heart failure, LVADs influence the LV in different ways and a significant support level
cannot be achieved without the aortic valve closure. Furthermore, this study expands the information on LV-LVAD interaction,
which leads to the optimization of the RBP speed rate control in clinics for adult and pediatric patients suffering from heart failure.
Finally, we show that the implementation of control algorithms using the modulation of the RBP speed in order to open the aortic
valve and unload the LV more efficiently is necessary and will be content of further research.
1. Introduction
Nowadays, about 8 million people in Russia suffer from
heart failure (HF), and among them, approximately 2.5
million have acute HF (classes III and IV of the New York
Heart Association (NYHA) classification of heart failure),
which tends to be the most widespread cause for hospi-
talization and lethal outcome of heart diseases [1–3].
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) were designed as
a therapeutic option to treat end stage HF patients in re-
sponse to the large patient populations with acute HF along
with limited number of donor hearts. Initially, LVADs were
designed as pulsatile blood pumps to support or replace the
native ventricle. Eventually, LVADs evolved to rotary blood
pumps (RBPs) providing continuous flow to maintain
temporary and permanent circulatory support [4, 5].
Hindawi
Cardiology Research and Practice
Volume 2019, Article ID 4593174, 15 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4593174