Sex Roles, Vol. 27, Nos. 3/4, 1992
Sources of Variability in Perceptions of and
Responses to Sexual Harassment
Tricia S. Jones
Temple University
Martin S. Remland
West Chester University
Social exchange theory was used to explain sexual harassment interactions in
terms of perceived or actual inequities in incurred costs or rewards between
targets and perpetrators. A factorial experiment was conducted in which the
effects of severity of harassment, target response, target gender, and rater gender
on perceptions of harassment, perpetrator appropriateness and target
appropriateness and suggested responses to harassment were examined.
Ninety-four male and 116 female students from two eastern universities served
as subjects. The sample was approximately 90% Caucasian and was composed
of traditional (18-22-year-old) undergraduates. Results indicated that all
independent variables affected perceptions of and responses to sexual
harassment situations.
Sexual harassment in academe is a serious problem as Dzeich and Werner
(1984) conclude in their comprehensive review of sexual harassment re-
search in university and college settings. Targets of harassment in academe
generally have less power and fewer avenues of recourse available than
their corporate counterparts (Reilly, Carpenter, Dull, & Bartlett, 1982).
Usually conceptualizing harassment as a women's issue, researchers
of academic harassment often restrict sampling to exclusively female popu-
lations (Benson & Thomson, 1982; Till, 1980) or depict harassment as ex-
clusively female-target/male-perpetrator interactions (Dzeich & Weiner,
1984; Fitzgerald & Hesson-Mclnnis, 1989; Reilly et al., 1982; Rossi & We-
ber-Rudin, 1983; Sigal, Gibbs, Belford, Ronan, & Gervasio, 1987; Weber-
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0360-0025/92/0800-0121506.50/0 © i992 Plenum Publishing Corporation