ORIGINAL PAPER Macroseismic field observations of 18 September 2011 Sikkim earthquake A. K. Mahajan • Vikram Gupta • V. C. Thakur Received: 12 December 2011 / Accepted: 26 March 2012 / Published online: 22 April 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract A shallow-focus damaging earthquake of magnitude 6.9 Mw struck the Sikkim Himalaya, north-east India, on 18 September 2011 at 12:40:48 UTC (06:10:48PM IST). The epicentre was located north-west of Chungthang on Indo-Nepal border of Sikkim Himalaya. The earthquake was widely felt in northern India and caused widespread damage to poorly built and framed structures in Sikkim region, northern Bihar, eastern Nepal, southern Bhutan and part of Tibet adjoining Sikkim Himalaya. A lot of secondary effects in the form of landslides, rockfalls and landslide lake outburst flood were caused due to strong shaking effect of the earthquake. Maximum intensity IX according to the European Macroseismic Scale-98 was observed in the meizoseismal zone surrounding Chungthang village. Asymmetrical distribution and heterogeneous damage pattern dem- onstrate intensity attenuation characteristics of the region. Although the regional tectonic framework of Sikkim region indicates compressional thrust tectonics regime, according to CMT fault-plane solution this earthquake involved predominantly strike-slip motion on a steep fault. Unlike Nepal and north-west Himalaya where microseismicity and large earthquakes indicate thrust mechanism, this Sikkim earthquake suggests that strike-slip principal component may imply transcurrent deformation. Keywords Sikkim earthquake  Transcurrent deformation  Macroseismic observation 1 Introduction The Himalayan mountain arc and the adjoining Shillong plateau and western Assam experienced four damaging earthquakes with magnitude Mw 7.8–8.4 within the last 110 years. The four earthquakes are 1897 Western Assam, 1905 Kangra, 1934 Bihar– Nepal and 1950 Eastern Assam (Fig. 1). In addition to these earthquakes, the Himalaya has suffered several large earthquakes with magnitude 7.0 \ M \ 8.0, for example 1505 Central Himalaya, 1555 Kashmir, 1720 Kumaon, 1713 Western Bhutan, 1751 Satluj, 1803 A. K. Mahajan (&)  V. Gupta  V. C. Thakur Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, GMS Road, Dehra Dun, India e-mail: mahjan@wihg.res.in 123 Nat Hazards (2012) 63:589–603 DOI 10.1007/s11069-012-0170-0