Basic Sciences of Medicine 2012, 1(2): 1-5
DOI: 10.5923/j.medicine.20120102.01
Molar Solubility, Solvation and Conductivity Association
Parameters of Sodium Fluoride in Mixed
Aqueous-Ethanol Solvents at Different Temperatures
Esam A. Gomaa
*
, R. M. Galal
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
Abstract This paper reports the results on the molar solubility (MS), refractive index (RIN) and molar electrical con-
ductance (EC) of the saturated NaF at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K) in mixed ethanol (ETOH)
–water solvents. From the experimental part, the molar refraction (RM), limiting molar conductance (LEC), association
constants (KASS), free energies of association (GASS) were determined for all solutions by using simple equation from the
Shedlovslay model of conductivity.Results predicted the exothermic behaviour of the process in most of the cases. All the
measured and calculated parameters for solvation (solubility parameters) and association (conductivity parameters) are in-
creased by increasing the mole fraction of ethanol in the mixtures. This indicates more solute-solvent interaction by more
adding ethanol in the mixed solvents.The solubility; conductivity and different thermodynamic data calculated here can
easily used for the industial determination of sodium fluoride.
Keywords Molar Solubility, Refractive Index, Conductance, Association Constant, Free Energies of Association
1. Introduction
Fluoride in drinking water was originally added to prevent
tooth decay. Studies hve now shown that fluoride causes
dental decay. Studies have now shown that fluoride causes
dental fluorosis in 10% of the population. Research is also
linking fluoride to increased risk of cancer (particularly bone
cancer), gene mutations , reproductive problems neuro-
toxicity ( hyper or depressed activity) bone fuorosis (de-
creasing density) . Fluoride exposure disrupt the synthesis of
collagen and leads to breakdown of collagen in bone , muscle.
skin, cartilage , lungs , kidney and trachea[1-4] . For indus-
trial uses sodium fluoride is commonly uses in pesticides,
including fungicides and insecticides. Various types of ad-
hesives and glues use sodium fluoride as a preservative.
Sodium fluoride is also used in making steel and aluminium
products. Other industrial uses for sodium fluoride include
glass frosting, stainless steel pickling and wood preserva-
tion[5].Our purpose is to give new data for solubility and
conductivity of sodium fluoride in different ethanol water
solvents which can help for the industrial, analytical and
biological determination of it.
The solubility of an electrolyte is influenced by a wide
range of factors, including ion association ,variation in ionic
* Corresponding author:
esam1947@yahoo.com (Esam A. Gomaa)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/medicine
Copyright © 2012 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
activity coefficients , complexation and temperature. Solu-
bility is an equilibrium property enable to thermodynamic
analysis provided that sufficient information is available[6].
Conductivity explains the ion aggregation and the ion
solvation and the competitation between them .Two ascpects
determine the role of the solvent, its bulk properties and its
electron – pair donor and electron – pair acceptor abilities[7].
Molar solubility (MS) and electrical conductance (EC) is
very important in elucidating not only the behaviour of ions
in solution but also in the study of solution structured effects
and the preferential solvation of ions by a solvent[8,9].
Recently, electrical conductance (EC) studies were done
in non-aqueous solvents with the intension of investigation
ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions[10,11]. In continuation
of this we studied the conducting behaviour of NaF in water,
ethanol[EtOH] and their mixtures at different temperatures
to elucidate the solvation and association behaviours of NaF
under prevailing conditions.
2. Experimental
Sodium fluoride 99%, from Aldrich chemicals Co. Ltd.,
Gillincham, Dorest – England was used. Absolute ethanol of
Al-Gomhoria supplements was used, without further puri-
fication.
The saturated solutions of sodium fluoride were prepared
by dissolving it in H
2
O-ETOH mixtures in test tubes. The
tubes were placed in a shaken thermostat of the type
Assistant for a period of four days, followed by another two
days without shaking to reach the necessary equilibrium.