37 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 Volume 1; Issue 2 Women and Myths of Today: An Investigation for the Reasons of Gender Inequalities Doaa Mohamed Salman Abdou Department of Economics, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt Journal of Contemporary Education Research Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies Abstract: The relationship between participation and gender is rather more fraught with tensions and contradictions. These points of tension between participatory and “gender aware” approaches to development arise from - and produce rather different ways of engaging with issues of gendered power. This paper aims to list the dimensions of “participation” and “gender” in development, highlighting paradoxes of “gender-aware” and participatory development interven- tions. From that part it raises a question, despite the continuous efforts that have been exerted in the past and up to present to minimize the gap of gender inequality, coupled with the fact that the percentage of females to males in the workplace is increasing rapidly; yet the sam problems exist, in particular, the lack of employment opportunities and rights. Thus, raising issues such as is gender awareness necessary and sufficient for effective participation of women in gender and development practices? And what are the requirements for this effective participation? Does the effective participation of women overcome gender differences? Keywords: gender inequality; wage gap; labor force participation rate; unemployment rate Publication date:June 2018 Publication online: 30 June 2018 Corresponding Author: Doaa Mohamed Salman Abdou, dsalman@msa.eun.eg 0 Introduction In general, gender segregation appears in diversifcation in patterns of the appearance of men and women in political and public life, unpaid domestic work and caring, in young men’s and women’s choices of education and the labor market. In absolute terms, it is considered the dominance of one sex in getting higher shares of something even more than what is expected to be given. Hence, for instance, a fair measurement of gender equality comes by measuring whether sex or the other is in the superiority in an occupation or a workplace. In the modern era, one may think that the feminization segregation does no longer exist and that this problem is a thing from the past eras. However, this is not true since men and women do not have the same opportunities in the labor market in most of the countries in the world. The labor market does not provide the same wages or careers for both the two sexes and the female employment is still concentrated in a small range of jobs. There are no obvious signs to show that the situation will be improving in the coming years unless making the gender equality a central policy concern [1] . The presence of gender segregation and the tendency for women and men to be given unequal opportunities in most of the services and sectors is well known in countries with lower standards of gross domestic product (GDP) like many African and Asian states such as Nigeria and Pakistan. However, in the highly industrialized and wealthy nations of the world, the levels of inequalities are all at least moderately high. The debate should, then, be limited to the countries with more segregation. Sometimes, gender segregation is argumentative. Some critics argue that this is considered an abuse of rights, capabilities and can be a cause of economic incompetence. However, some advocates argue that the segregation occurs due to some laws, religions, cultures, societies, histories, and traditions. That is why gender segregation is always discussed in one of those three major approaches which are preferences, patriarchy, and human capital. Some Review Article