International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science (IJIRMS) Volume 04, Issue 12, December 2019, https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol04-i12/807 www.ijirms.in 670 Original article Evaluation of the Efficiency of Modified Bone Graft in Putty Consistency in Treatment of Angular Bone Defect - A Pilot Study Ramnath Elangovan 1 , Mejalla Muthiah Amaladhas 1 , Ramakrishnan Theyagarajan 2 , Sivaranjani Pandithurai 3 1 2 nd Year Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics; mejalladas@gmail.com 2 Professor & Head of the Department, Department of Periodontics; ramki_dentist@yahoo.co.in 3 Reader, Department of Periodontics; sivaranjanimds@gmail.com Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu Corresponding Author: Dr. Ramnath Elangovan; ramubds2@gmail.com Received 30 November 2019; Accepted 13 December 2019; Published 19 December 2019 Abstract Background: Periodontitis is the inflammatory disease of the periodontium which leads to destruction of the supporting bone and periodontium. Colocast is a bovine derived bone graft. This colocast when processed in a putty consistency constitutes the modified colocast. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the clinical efficiency of consistency modified bone graft material in the treatment of angular bone defects. Materials and Methods: Five patients with angular bone defects were included in this study. Bone defects were treated with bone grafts in putty consistency. Probing depth, clinical attachment level along with mesial and distal bone level were evaluated at baseline and three months after surgery. Results: There was a clinically and statistically considerable Probing depth reduction, Clinical Attachment Level gain and increase in bone formation at both mesial and distal aspect of treated teeth. Conclusions: The Modified bone graft in putty consistency has been proven to be effective in managing angular bone defects along with ease at handling the graft in this study. Keywords: Guided Tissue Regeneration, Modified bone graft, Endo-perio Lesion, Periodontal Surgery Introduction Periodontal disease causes variable destruction of soft tissue and the supporting bone around the teeth. These bony deformities are generally not uniform. The morphology of the bone loss determines the treatment modality [1] . Intraosseous defects which are deep represents a major challenge since sites with intraosseous lesions have been shown to be at higher risk of disease progression in subjects who had not received systematic periodontal therapy [2] . Treatment may include scaling and root planing with or without surgical access flap. In addition to this periodontal debridement additional resective or reconstructive therapy can be performed. Application of membranes, biological agents or grafting materials may be used in the place of bone deformities caused by destructive periodontal disease. Although the reconstructive procedures had proven their effectiveness, greater efficiency has been attributed to the graft material used [3] . Grafting biomaterials include autogenous grafts, allogenic grafts, xenogenic grafts and alloplastic materials. The assumption behind the clinical use of grafting procedures is that the complete regeneration of the attachment apparatus which includes new bone formation and new connective tissue attachment would be enhanced by the various biomaterials due to their osteogenetic potential, osteoinductive capacities, or osteoconductive properties. However, due to the large variety of graft biomaterials, the magnitude of such improvements as well as the consistency of the advantage achieved when grafting procedures are used remains to be determined. Colocast [Cologenesis Healthcare Pvt Ltd.] is one such grafting material which is a demineralized bone matrix of type I collagen. It is subjected to find the growth factors present in cortical bone samples which are demineralized, thereby making it non-immunogenic flowable particles. Modification of consistency of bone graft (colocast): Modified colocast is that in which the colocast is processed in a putty consistency for better handling by adding 20% of Polyethylene Glycol(PEG), 10% Glycerol and 0.4% preservatives to 70% of demineralized bone graft. This pilot study was performed to evaluate the clinical effect of modified form of colocast in the management of angular bone defects Aim and Objectives