https://doi.org/10.1177/04866134211043284
Review of Radical Political Economics
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© 2021 Union for Radical
Political Economics
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DOI: 10.1177/04866134211043284
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Conference Proceeding
Unproductive Workers and State
Repression
Kirstin Munro
1
Abstract
Social Reproduction Theory, as advanced by scholars such as Bhattacharya (2017) and Ferguson
(2019), is at its core a theory of the revolutionary capacity of “unproductive” workers such as
teachers, nurses, and social workers who are disproportionately women and disproportionately
employed by the state. However, Social Reproduction Theory overlooks the contradictory
and antagonistic role of the state in the lives of people, as the reproduction of labor power in
capitalism proceeds via antagonism and state repression. The task of teachers, nurses, and social
workers is the production of not just any life but that of a docile, exploitable worker.
JEL classification: B51, B54, P1, I3
Keywords
contradictions, gender welfare, poverty and well-being, Marxist theory, productive labor versus
unproductive labor, women
1. Introduction
Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) is a recent offshoot of Marxist-feminism (Arruzza 2016;
Bhattacharya 2017; Ferguson 2019) that argues for the revolutionary capacity and working-class
position of unproductive workers whose waged and unwaged work is involved in the reproduc-
tion of the commodity labor power. From Dalla Costa and James (1975), SRT borrows the idea
that women who perform tasks on an unwaged basis related to the reproduction of labor power
are members of the working class and thus capable of participating in class struggle. From Lise
Vogel ([1983] 2013), SRT borrows the notion that labor power is reproduced not only in the fam-
ily household on an unwaged basis by mothers and wives, but also on a waged basis by unpro-
ductive workers. In combining these two insights from twentieth-century Marxist-feminist
scholarship to argue for the revolutionary potential of workers outside the “productive” economy,
SRT has done much to overturn Marxist orthodoxy and shed light on the importance of unpro-
ductive labor carried out by disproportionately women of all races and racialized men.
While Bhattacharya and Ferguson gesture toward it in places, this SRT does not specifically
examine how the reproduction of labor power relates to the crisis-ridden reproduction of
capitalist society. What Ferguson and Bhattacharya offer instead is a foreshortened account in
1043284RRP XX X 10.1177/04866134211043284Review of Radical Political EconomicsMunro
research-article 2021
1
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
Date received: March 2, 2021
Date accepted: August 12, 2021
Corresponding Author:
Kirstin Munro, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University, Edinburg, TX 78539-2999, USA.
Email: kirstin.munro@utrgv.edu