Vol.3, No.1, 1-11 (2013) Open Journal of Preventive Medicine
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2013.31001
Healthcare providers’ perceptions on screening for
Intimate Partner Violence in healthcare: A qualitative
study of four health centres in Uganda
Stephen Lawoko
1,2*
, Gloria K. Seruwagi
3
, Iryne Marunga
4
, Milton Mutto
4
, Emmanuel Ochola
5
,
Geoffrey Oloya
6
, Joyce Piloya
7
, Muhamadi Lubega
8
1
Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
*
Corresponding Author: Stephen.lawoko@ki.se
2
Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
3
Victoria University, Kampala, Uganda
4
Pincer Group International, Kampala, Uganda
5
Lacor Hospital, Gulu, Uganda
6
Anaka Hospital, Gulu, Uganda
7
Gulu Referral Hospital, Gulu, Uganda
8
Iganga Hospital, Iganga, Uganda
Received 20 September 2012; revised 25 October 2012; accepted 5 November 2012
ABSTRACT
The current qualitative study explored the per-
ceptions of healthcare providers on screening
for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in healthcare
in Uganda, to develop a conceptual framework
for factors likely to hinder/promote IPV screen-
ing in the country. Using purposive sampling,
the study enlisted 54 healthcare workers (doc-
tors and nurses) from four hospitals (i.e. Gulu
referral hospital, Iganga referral hospital, Lacor
hospital, Anaka hospital) to participate in eight
focus group discussions. Data was thematically
analysed using Template Analysis. The study
found support for an ecological framework
suggesting a complex interaction of factors at
the individual (e.g. poor skills in detection of IPV
by health workers and unwillingness to disclose
abuse by patients), organisational (e.g. under-
staffing and lack of protocols for IPV screening)
and societal (e.g. societal acceptance of abuse
of women and poor policy on IPV management)
levels as potential barriers to the practice of IPV
screening in healthcare Uganda. These findings
have important implications on further training
of healthcare workers to adequately screen for
IPV, re-organisation of the healthcare system so
that it is fully-fledged to accommodate IPV scree-
ning and improved collaboration between the
health sector and other community advocates in
IPV management. These initiatives should run
concurrently with a concerted community sen-
sitization effort aimed at modifying attitudes
towards IPV among care providers and recipi-
ents a like, as well as preparing the general
population to will-fully disclose IPV to health-
workers. Study limitations and implications for
further research are discussed.
Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence; Screening;
Healthcare; Perceptions; Uganda
1. INTRODUCTION
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), defined as behaviors
within an intimate relationship that cause physical, sex-
ual or psychological harm, including acts of physical
aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and
controlling behaviors [1], remains a global health prob-
lem among women. Despite the inaction of laws and
policies to manage Intimate Partner Violence in several
countries, IPV prevalence remains alarmingly high glob-
ally, with devastating short and long term consequences
on women’s health. With small cross-country variations,
prevalence of IPV ranging between 3% - 38% have been
reported [1-3], and many of the victims exhibit health
and behavioural complications manifest in severe physi-
cal injuries, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress
disorder, suicidal ideation, unhealthy feeding habits,
substance abuse and alcoholism [1-8]. Furthermore, vic-
tims of IPV in their reproductive age evidence termi-
nated pregnancies, undesired pregnancies and child loss
during infancy to a higher degree than peers in non-vio-
lent intimate relationships [1,8,9]. Thus, IPV does not
only impact on abused women’s health per se, but is
also associated with a poor foetus prognosis and infant
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