Uncorrected Proof
Jundishapur J Health Sci. In Press(In Press):e90424.
Published online 2019 April 16.
doi: 10.5812/jjhs.90424.
Brief Report
The Relationship Between the Enneagram Personality Types and
Health Responsibility in Patients with Substance Use Disorder; a Brief
Report
Mozhgan Saeidi
1
, Mohammad Mahdi Amiri
2
, Maryam Ahmadi
1
and Saeid Komasi
3, *
1
Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Lifestyle Modification Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3
Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Zakarya Razi Blvd., Kermanshah, Iran, Tel:
+98-8334276299, Fax: +98-8334276299, Email: s_komasi63@yahoo.com
Received 2019 February 07; Revised 2019 March 06; Accepted 2019 April 08.
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed at examining the relationship between the Enneagram personality types and health responsi-
bility in patients with substance use disorder (SUD).
Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted on 68 patients with SUD referred to methadone maintenance treatment
clinics in Kermanshah city, Western Iran, in September 2017. The Riso-Hudson Enneagram type indicator (RHETI) and subscale of
health responsibility from the health promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP-II) were used for data gathering. The obtained data were
analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The mean ± SD age of the samples (100% male) was 39.4 ± 13.3 years. The obtained results showed a significant direct
relationship between personality types 1 and 3 and health responsibility, while the same relationship was indirect for the personality
type 4 (P < 0.05). Despite the inability of the three personality types in predicting health responsibility, the model generally could
explain 12.5% of the variance in criterion variable.
Conclusions: Probably, screening the personality patterns of patients with SUD using the Enneagram model can be useful to iden-
tify vulnerable groups. Since SUD rehabilitation includes long-term formal nursing services, training should be focused on im-
proved health responsibility among risk-taking personalities such as type 4.
Keywords: Healthy Lifestyle, Personality, Rehabilitation Nursing, Substance Use Disorder
1. Background
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, progressive,
and destructive disease (1). The disorder is very common
throughout the world (1). SUD is often accompanied by
a long-term unhealthy lifestyle. In the primary preven-
tion phase, the identification and screening of the person-
ality variables related to adopting a healthy lifestyle may
be effective in improving health-related quality of life and
controlling the health threatening events. Thus, it is nec-
essary to study the relationship between personality pat-
terns defined in the form of new systems and components
of health-promoting lifestyle such as health responsibility.
Health responsibility, which is one of the components of
a healthy lifestyle, involves individuals care for their own
health and help with their own healthcare (2).
Studies often focused on neo five-factor personal-
ity model to investigate the relationship between per-
sonality traits including extroversion/introversion, posi-
tive/negative affect, neuroticism, and other components
with addiction and utilized clinical tools such as the Millon
clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI) and the Minnesota
multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) (3, 4). The En-
neagram personality system is among those personality
models that are rarely used in this field, despite its effi-
ciency and the fact that it can be easily quantified (5). Ac-
cording to the Enneagram system, people are categorized
into nine personality types and there is usually a dominant
personality type for each individual. The personality types
are: perfectionist, helper, achiever, individualist, observer,
loyalist, enthusiast, challenger, and mediator (6).
2. Objectives
Based on the considerations, the current study aimed
at investigating the relationship between the Enneagram
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