International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 8 Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2021 ISSN: 2393-9516 www.ijetajournal.org Page 36 Application of Optimization Techniques for Optimal Capacitor Placement and Sizing in Distribution System: A Review Simiran Kuwera [1] , Sunil Agarwal [2] , Rajkumar Kaushik [3] Department of Electrical Engineering Apex Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur - India ABSTRACT A power distribution network is a collection of radial feeders that are interconnected or linked with one another via different tie-switches and tie-lines. The decrease of power loss in the grid system is a major issue of the electric distribution system. Several approaches are employed. One of these methods is optimum reconfiguration and capacitor placement. The capacitor is a device that is used to recover reactive power in a dispersed network. Capacitors are used for a variety of purposes, including as lowering voltage profiles, enhancing voltage profiles, and so on. The major advantage of decreasing or recovering reactive power is depending on the allocation or size of the capacitors. Traditionally, two approaches were employed to reduce power losses: ideal capacitor placement and optimal distribution network reconfiguration. However, using both approaches at the same time increases the complexity of the optimization process. This article gives a brief description of recent optimization techniques to find optimal capacitor placement and sizing in distribution system. These techniques are responsible to reduce the annual operating cost and power losses in the system. Keywords: -Distribution network; Optimization techniques, Optimal capacitor size, Annual operating cost. I. INTRODUCTION The capacitor is a device that is used to recover reactive power in a dispersed network. Capacitors are used for a variety of purposes, including as lowering voltage profiles, enhancing voltage profiles, and so on. The major advantage of decreasing or recovering reactive power is depending on the allocation or size of the capacitors. Traditionally, two approaches were employed to reduce power losses: ideal capacitor placement and optimal distribution network reconfiguration. However, using both approaches at the same time increases the complexity of the optimization process. Advantages of Capacitor Placement The advantages of capacitor placement are as below: • Reduction in total system losses. • Improvement in power factor of the units. Work in different sectors has grown both easier and more challenging as technology has advanced. The advancement of technology has given rise to a slew of issues in a variety of fields. Such issues exist in the electrical industry as well. The major issue that arises is the network's load requirement. As a result, the electrical sector is attempting to establish such a system or power plant that can meet the load demand of the network. If the transmission process is interrupted due to a difficulty, several equations are derived to recover the lost transmission. As a result, numerous computations are utilised or examined to reduce transmission loss. These transmission loss estimates appear to be simple, but they are not. Variations in transmission power, power factors, voltage level fluctuations, and other variables add to the complexity. When the voltage level in a system is high, the transmission loss is low, but when the voltage level is low, the transmission loss is significant. As a result, the approaches used to reduce loss origin should be simple, less complex, and dependable, so that the lost origin or transmission can be readily located. In most electrical distribution businesses, there are two categories of loads: resistive and inductive. As a result of being heated, resistive loads produce light. In the case of a pure resistive load, the parameters voltage (V), resistance (R), and current (I) are linearly linked to each other as follows: V = (I×R) (1.1) Power (kW) = (V×I) (1.2) Inductive loads include A.C. motors, furnaces, transformers, and blast lamps. The inductive load necessitates two forms of power: active and reactive. The active power is utilised for processing, while the reactive power is used to generate and sustain the system's electro-magnetic fields. (kW) kilo Watts is the unit of measurement for active power. Reactive power is measured in (kVar) kilo Volt-Amperes. Reactive. The quantity of active power used is added to the amount of reactive power used to determine the total consumed power. The whole power is then utilised to complete the specified task. The unit of RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS