1 Scientific RepoRts | 7: 3893 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-04262-y www.nature.com/scientificreports A Chrysoporthe cubensis enzyme cocktail produced from a low-cost carbon source with high biomass hydrolysis efciency thiago Rodrigues Dutra 1 , Valéria Monteze Guimarães 1 , ednilson Mascarenhas Varela 1 , Lílian da silva Fialho 1 , Adriane Maria Ferreira Milagres 2 , Daniel Luciano Falkoski 3 , José Cola Zanuncio 4 & sebastião tavares de Rezende 1 Low cost and high efciency cellulolytic cocktails can consolidate lignocellulosic ethanol technologies. sugarcane bagasse (sCB) is a low cost agro-industrial residue, and its use as a carbon source can reduce the costs of fungi cultivation for enzyme production. Chrysoporthe cubensis grown under solid state fermentation (SSF) with wheat bran has potential to produce efcient enzymatic extracts for SCB saccharifcation. This fungus was grown under submersed fermentation (SmF) and SSF with in natura SCB, pretreated with acid or alkali and with others carbon sources. In natura sCB induced the highest carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase, β-xylosidase, α-galactosidase and mannanase activities by C. cubensis under SSF. In natura and washed sCB, inducers of enzyme production under ssF, did not induce high cellulases and hemicellulases production by C. cubensis in SmF. The C. cubensis enzymatic extract produced under SSF with in natura SCB as a carbon source was more efcient for lignocelulolic biomass hydrolysis than extracts produced under SSF with wheat bran and commercial cellulolytic extract. Chrysoporthe cubensis showed high potential for cellulases and hemicellulases production, especially when grown under ssF with in natura SCB as carbon source. Plant biomass conversion to biofuels is a key strategy to replace fossil fuels by cleaner sources as part of the global energy chain 1 . Nature produces around 200 billion tons of lignocellulosic biomass per year with energy content about 10 times the annual world consumption 2 . Plant biomass degradation to monomeric sugars produces raw materials which can be converted to products such as ethanol, lactic acid, sorbitol, xylitol and others 2, 3 . Efcient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material requires complete enzyme cocktails, rich in cellulases, hemicellulases, ligninases and auxiliary enzymes 4, 5 . Fungi can efciently degrade biomass because this carbon source predominates in their natural biotopes 6 . Full cellulose depolymerization requires synergistic action of the cellulases endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), cello- biohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.176) and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). Te hemicellulose fraction, a more complex poly- mer, requires a more diverse group of enzymes, the hemicellulases. Complete enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan, the main hemicellulose polymer, requires β-1,4-endo-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), β-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), and ancillary enzymes, as α-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2. 1:55), α-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.139), α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72) and ferulic acid esterase (EC 3.1.1.73) 7, 8 . Te high cost of cellulolytic enzymes is a major bottleneck to lignocellulosic ethanol production. Te use of agricultural residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, is an alternative to reduce enzyme production costs during microorganism cultivation. Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer in the world, producing over 200 million tons of sugarcane bagasse per year 9 . Te use of this raw material in biotechnological processes is interesting due of its low cost and high abundance 10 . 1 Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602- 810, Lorena, SP, Brazil. 3 Novozymes Latin America - R. Prof. Francisco Ribeiro, 683 - Barigui, Araucária, PR - 83707- 660, Brazil. 4 Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to T.R.D. (email: thiago.dutra@ufv.br) Received: 13 February 2017 Accepted: 11 May 2017 Published: xx xx xxxx opeN