1278
ISSN 1061-9348, Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2020, Vol. 75, No. 10, pp. 1278–1284. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2020.
Naphthoquinone-Functionalized Nanoporous Silica:
Synthesis, Characterization and Application
for Fluorescent Sensing of Dicromate
Fatemeh Silakhori
a
, Alireza Badiei
a, b,
*, and Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
c
a
School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
b
Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
c
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
*e-mail: abadiei@khayam.ut.ac.ir
Received January 27, 2018; revised October 14, 2018; accepted March 17, 2020
Abstract—A naphthoquinone-functionalized hybrid organic-inorganic silica-based fluorescent sensor was
designed, synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, N
2
adsorption-desorption, thermogravimetric
and infrared spectroscopy analysis. Fluorescence properties of the prepared sensor were investigated in the
presence of different anions under excitation at 305 nm. The fluorescence emission of the sensor was remark-
ably quenched after addition of Cr
2
. Selectivity of the sensor was studied in the presence of common com-
peting metal ions. The obtained results revealed that the sensor had high selectivity toward Cr
2
anion. The
linear relationship between the concentration of target anion and the fluorescence intensity was proved by
performing a titration experiment. Finally, the detection limit was calculated as 6 × 10
–6
M, which demon-
strates high sensitivity of the sensor toward Cr
2
.
Keywords: fluorescent sensor, organic-inorganic silica, nanoporous, Cr
2
DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820100135
Chromium is one of the most prevalent elements in
the nature. It is widely used in many industries such as
mineral processing, pigments, leather tanning and
electroplating. Chromium commonly exists as Cr(III)
and Cr(VI) which demonstrate remarkably different
physiological effects. Although Cr(III) is an essential
trace element in human body contributing to main-
taining the normal glucose tolerance as well as metab-
olism of lipids, proteins and fats [1, 2], Cr(IV) acts as
a hazardous element which can easily penetrate
human cells, severely damage different organs such as
liver and kidney, oxidize biological molecules such as
DNA and show a toxic carcinogenic effect [3]. There-
fore, detection of Cr(VI) is extremely important.
Until now, a variety of methods have been sug-
gested for chromium ions detection including ion
chromatography [4], electrochemical methods [5],
atomic absorption [6] and spectrophotometry [7]
which are generally cost and time-consuming, requir-
ing sophisticated equipment and complicated sample
pretreatment, lacking sensitivity and selectivity to be
used in real samples. In contrast, fluorescent sensors
have attracted tremendous attentions due to simplic-
ity, fast response times, low costs, high selectivity and
sensitivity [8–13]. There are a few reports for prepara-
tion of a fluorescent sensor in dichromate detection.
For this purpose, a europium coordination polymer
with composition of [EuL(CH
3
COO)Cl]
n
was con-
structed by Chen et al. [10] using the 4'-(4-carboxy-
phenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ligand (HL) that con-
currently detected Cr , Cr
2
anions and Fe
3+
cat-
ion with the detection limit for Cr
2
of 85.4 μM. In
addition, another sensor is a one dimensional coordi-
nation polymer [Cd(bipy)][HL]
n
that represents a rare
example of a dual functional fluorescent sensor which
can detect nitrobenzene and Cr
2
simultaneously
[14]. Mohandoss et al. [15] reported an ON-OFF-ON
fluorescent sensor based on 1,5-dihydroxyanthraqui-
none and β-cyclodextrin that has been used for the
colorimetric recognition behavior of Cu
2+
and Cr
2
.
Ordered nanoporous silica (ONS) materials, in
particular SBA-15, have proven to be of great interest
to the scientists in surface chemistry, due to their
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