RESEARCH PAPER
Nurses’ protective measures during chemotherapy
preparation and administration in Turkey*
Selda Rizalar MSc
Lecturer, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Health, Samsun, Turkey
Esra Tural MSc
Lecturer, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Health, Samsun, Turkey
Birsen Altay PhD
Assistant Professor, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Health, Samsun, Turkey
Accepted for publication August 2011
Selda R, Tural E, Altay B. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 91–98
Nurses’ protective measures during chemotherapy preparation and administration in Turkey
Chemotherapeutic agents are known to be carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic to humans. Occupational exposure to
chemotherapeutic agents is a potential risk. The aim of this study was to determine the safety measures on personal and
environmental protection taken by nurses during chemotherapy preparation and administration. Current study was
conducted between 1 April and 30 June 2007 in the chemotherapy administration units of all hospitals in Samsun, North
of the Turkey. Seventy-three nurses were included in the study group. Data were obtained via questionnaire form.
Findings for nurses’ safety behaviour and usage of recommended health safety measures showed that, notwithstanding the
rules and regulations pertaining to chemotherapeutics, nurses did not comply with them fully. The study expanded that
health providers and clinical environment are under threat for contamination of chemotherapeutics. The results clearly
point the importance of need for regular education programme. This study also revealed the necessity for improvement
of the working environment.
Key words: chemotherapy, chemotherapy drugs, nurse, protective measures, safety.
INTRODUCTION
There were more than 11 million cancer cases diagnosed
each year worldwide and expected to rise to 16 million by
the year 2020. The rising patient number leads to an
increase in the use of chemotherapy drugs (CDs) and so
much more possibility of exposure of the health-care
workers to these drugs.
1
Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment using drugs that
can kill cancer cells as a curative or palliative.
2–4
Unfortu-
nately, chemotherapeutic agents may also affect normal
healthy cells. Frequent and close exposure to these drugs
negatively affects the health of health-care personnel who
handle these agents.
2,5–7
Personnel may be exposed to a
drug in its manufacturing, transport, use and waste stages.
The number of staff potentially exposed to hazardous
Correspondence: Selda Rızalar, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of
Health, Surgical Nursing, Samsun 55070, Turkey. Email: srizalar@
omu.edu.tr
*This study has been presented at Seventh National and Interna-
tional Participation Nursing Students Congress 2008, Istanbul.
International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 91–98
doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01996.x © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd