$VLDQ 3DFLﾀF -RXUQDO RI &DQFHU 3UHYHQWLRQ 9RO   1415 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.3.1415 $%2 $QWLJHQV ,QﾁXHQFH 5LVN RI 2UDO &DQFHU LQ ,UDQ Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15 (3), 1415-1418 Introduction Cancer in its all forms accounts for about 12% of deaths throughout the world (Jaleel and Nagarajappa, 2012).Oral cancer has been estimated to be less than 3% of all cancers, but it is the eighth most common cancer in men DQG ﾀIWHHQWK PRVW FRPPRQ RQH LQ ZRPHQ &KL  ,W is found in 270 000 patients annually worldwide with the incidence of 1 in 20 000; this rises to 1 in 1100 in males of 75 years old and elder (Cawson and Odell, 2002; Amagasa, 2011). The occurrence of oral cancer is high in developing FRXQWULHV VXFK DV ,UDQ VR WKDW WZRWKLUGV RI WKH DSSHDULQJ cases are diagnosed in these countries (Fazeli et al., 2011). Oral cancer is the third most common malignancy after the cervix and stomach in developing countries (Fazeli et al., 2011). According to Amagasa, the number of individuals dying from pharyngeal and oral carcinoma is increasing approximately as threefold (Amagasa, 2011). Fazeli in an epidemiological study showed that mortality rate of the ,UDQLDQ GXH WR RUDO FDQFHU LQFUHDVHG GUDPDWLFDOO\ IURP  SHU   LQ  WR  SHU   LQ  +RZHYHU ,UDQ KDV D ORZHU PRUWDOLW\ UDWH EHFDXVH RI RUDO FDQFHU LQ comparison with other Asian countries. For example this 1 Oral Medicine Department, 2 General Dental Practice, 3 Clinical Epidemiology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *For correspondence: marbahar@gmail.com Abstract The $%2 EORRG JURXS KDV EHHQ UHFHQWO\ SURSRVHG WR LQﾁXHQFH GHYHORSPHQW RI RUDO FDQFHU 7KH DLP RI WKLV VWXG\ ZDV WR HYDOXDWH WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH W\SH RI$%2 EORRG JURXS DQG RUDO FDQFHU ,Q D FDVHFRQWURO VWXG\  SDWLHQWV ZLWK RUDO FDQFHU ZHUH FRPSDUHG ZLWK  EORRG GRQRUV ZLWKRXW FDQFHU DV FRQWUROV 'DWD UHJDUGLQJ WKH SDWLHQW GHPRJUDSKLFV EORRG JURXSV 5K VWDWXV FDQFHU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG RUDO KDELWV ZHUH DOVR FRPSDUHG EHWZHHQ WZR VXEJURXSV RI VTXDPRXV DQG QRQVTXDPRXV RUDO FDQFHUV )RU VWDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV &KLVTXDUH WHVW WVWXGHQW 7HVW DQG /RJLVWLF 5HJUHVVLRQ ZHUH XVHG WR DQDO\]H WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ $%2 EORRG JURXSV DQG RUDO FDQFHU 7KH IUHTXHQF\ RI EORRG JURXS % ZDV VLJQLﾀFDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ RUDO FDQFHU SDWLHQWV WKDQ FRQWUROV  vs  S YDOXH EXW 5K IDFWRU GLG QRW VKRZ VLJQLﾀFDQW GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ FDVHV DQG FRQWUROV $FFRUGLQJ WR /RJLVWLF 5HJUHVVLRQ SHRSOH ZLWK EORRG JURXS % DQG WKRVH ROGHU WKDQ  KDG  DQG  WLPHV HOHYDWHG ULVN RI GHYHORSLQJ RUDO FDQFHU UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH IUHTXHQF\ RI VTXDPRXV FHOO FDQFHU ZDV DOVR VLJQLﾀFDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ PHQ DQG SHRSOH ROGHU WKDQ  2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG IHPDOHV SHRSOH XQGHU  DQG WKRVH ZLWK EORRG JURXS % ZHUH DW   DQG  WLPHV KLJKHU ULVN RI GHYHORSLQJ QRQVTXDPRXV FHOO RUDO FDQFHUUHVSHFWLYHO\ 3HRSOH ZLWK EORRG JURXS % DUH DW D JUHDWHU ULVN RI GHYHORSLQJ RUDO FDQFHU DQG IHPDOH SDWLHQWV XQGHU  \HDUV RI DJH ZLWK EORRG JURXS % KDYH WKH KLJKHVW ULVN WR GHYHORS QRQVTXDPRXV FHOO RUDO FDQFHU Keywords: %ORRG JURXS DQWLJHQV  RUDO QHRSODVPV  6&&  QRQ6&&  ,UDQ 5(6($5&+ $57,&/( $%2 %ORRG *URXSV LQ 2UDO &DQFHU $ )LUVW &DVH&RQWURO 6WXG\ LQ D 'HﾀQHG *URXS RI ,UDQLDQ 3DWLHQWV +DPHG 0RUWD]DYL 1  6KLPD +DMLDQ   (OQD] )DGDYL   6LDPDN 6DERXU 3  0DU\DP %DKDUYDQG 1  6HGLJKHK %DNKWLDUL 1 UDWH LV  SHU   LQ ,QGLD )D]HOL HW DO  ,W LV important to point out that the world mortality rate of oral FDYLW\ FDQFHUV KDV EHHQ UHSRUWHG DV  SHU  -HPDO et al., 2011). Tobacco, alcohol and nutritional condition have been described as well-known factors associated with the increased risk of oral cancer. Other possible factors in the development of oral cancer such as viral infections and different expression of ABO blood group antigens are also being studied (Dabelsteen and Gao, 2005; Cerovic et al., 2008). $%2 DQWLJHQV DUH QRW FRQﾀQHG WR UHG EORRG FHOOV EXW they are found on epithelial cells of various tissues such DV PXFRVD DQG ERG\ ﾁXLGV DV ZHOO &HURYLF HW DO  ,PPXQRKLVWRFKHPLFDO HYDOXDWLRQV RI RUDO VTXDPRXV FHOO carcinoma have reported loss of expression of A or B DQWLJHQV LQ PRUH WKDQ  RI FDVHV 7KH VDPH ﾀQGLQJV were also shown in potentially malignant lesions with epithelial dysplasia (Gao et al., 2004; Dabelsteen and Gao, 2005). Gao demonstrated the different expression pattern of B antigens in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic tissues in blood group A/B as follows: the expression of B antigen was weak in normal epithelium, but was strongly