L. Leelavathi, Dhanraj Ganapathy. Genetics And Smoking Cessation – An Overview. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(7):3371-3373.
3371
OPEN ACCESS https://scidoc.org/IJDOS.php
Genetics And Smoking Cessation – An Overview
Research Article
L. Leelavathi
1*
, Dhanraj Ganapathy
2
1
Senior lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,
Saveetha University, Chennai-77,India.
2
Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,
Saveetha University, Chennai-77, India.
International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science (IJDOS)
ISSN: 2377-8075
*Corresponding Author:
L. Leelavathi
Senior lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University,
Chennai-77, India.
E-mail ID: leelavathi.sdc@saveetha.com
Received: May 31, 2021
Accepted: July 06, 2021
Published: July 19, 2021
Citation: L. Leelavathi, Dhanraj Ganapathy. Genetics And Smoking Cessation – An Overview. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(7):3371-3373.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000685
Copyright: L. Leelavathi
©
2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribu-
tion and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Introduction
Tobacco usage remains the important preventable cause of pre-
mature morbidity and mortality all over the world. Various re-
searches were done on the ill effects of tobacco usage and smok-
ing cessation treatments has contributed to reductions in smoking
prevalence. Nevertheless, there are currently still more than 1.2
billion smokers world-wide, resulting in 3-4 million deaths per
year and the development of many smoking-related diseases, in-
cluding cancers, cardiovascular, diabetes etc. Smoking and tobac-
co related illness and mortality could be prevented[1,2].
Nicotine replacement therapies available as nicotine gums, nico-
tine patches, lozenges, inhalers nasal sprays provide nicotine to
the brain. Nicotine replacement therapies are either prescribed
by the health care professionals or available as over the counter
drugs[3].
In spite of the self-treatments and professional guidance on
smoking cessation not all the smokers succeeded in quitting the
habit with greater relapse rates. Behavioural management and
pharmacological treatment of smoking cessation revealed that
the success of available treatments is limited. Only 5-30% of the
smokers succeeded in quitting[1].
Addiction to tobacco use and success in quitting the habit is in-
fuenced by genetic factors. 5e9 Difference in the genetic factors
may have an effect on the response of the smoker for behavioural
counselling, nicotine replacement therapies or other pharmaco-
logical treatments[4].
Nicotine Addiction And Tobacco Use
Drug addiction is the self-administration of the drug repeatedly
and also fnding diffcult to stop the habit even though they are
advised to stop. Nicotine dependence is the major factor that
make the smokers to maintain the habit. Based on the depend-
ence of nicotine, the success of cessation program varies and
also, they experience different level of withdrawal symptoms[5].
Abstract
Smoking is the major cause of preventable death worldwide. Behavioural and pharmacological treatments are available for
smoking cessation. Nicotine replacement therapies such as nicotine gums, inhaler, nicotine patches; bupropion and varenicline
are widely for curbing tobacco use among smokers. However, in spite of these treatment modalities, not every smoker suc-
ceeds in quitting the habit of smoking. Nicotine dependence among smokers is decided by the interaction of various factors
including environmental factors and genetic factors. Various studies been done on genetic variation in nicotine-metabolizing
enzymes and the role of genetics on nicotine dependency is been reported in these studies. Tobacco cessation would be more
effective if the role of genetic factors been studied and used in practice. Hence this review was done with an aim to assess the
genetic variation in nicotine dependency among tobacco users.
Keywords: Nicotine; Pharmacogenetic; Tobacco Cessation; Addiction; Nicotine Replacement.