Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 69 (2008) 1704–1710 Thermodynamics of ice at high pressures and low temperatures Vladimir Tchijov a,Ã , Gloria Cruz-Leo´n a , Suemi Rodrı´guez-Romo a , Rainer Feistel b a Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitla´n, UNAM, Campo 1, Av. 1 de Mayo, s/n, Cuautitla´n Izcalli, Edo. Me´xico, C.P. 54700, Mexico b Leibniz-Institut fu ¨ r Ostseeforschung, D-18119 Warnemu ¨ nde, Germany Received 7 August 2007; received in revised form 12 November 2007; accepted 24 December 2007 Abstract A new equation of state of ice Ih recently proposed by Feistel and Wagner [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 35 (2006) 1021–1047] is used to study the phenomena related to the equilibrium isentropic compression of an ice–water mixture and dynamic loading of solid ice. New results are presented concerning the properties of the new equation of state, equilibrium solid–liquid phase transitions and Hugoniots of low-temperature (100 K) and temperate (263 K) shock-compressed ice. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: D. Equations-of-state; D. Thermodynamic properties; D. Phase transitions 1. Introduction Since pioneering investigations of Tammann [1] and Bridgman [2], considerable efforts have been expended on studying the thermodynamic properties of the solid H 2 O phases, commonly known as ices [3–5]. The thermody- namics of ices and their equations-of-state (EOS) are of fundamental importance for many areas of science and technology, in particular, glaciology [6], oceanography [7], space and planetary science [8–11], physics of shock compression of water substance [12–18], high-pressure food processing [19–23] and low-temperature preservation of biological materials [24]. Among the stable solid aqueous phases, ice Ih (hereafter referred to as ice) is the one widely spread on Earth and other planets of the Solar System. Though a large number of experiments have been conducted so far to measure thermodynamic properties of ice in wide ranges of pressure p and temperature T, it is still the subject of experimental research [25]. A complete thermodynamic description of a substance is afforded by the knowledge of its P–V–T EOS and the knowledge of the specific heat capacity c p along some curve on the T–p diagram not an isothermal [2]. Basing on this consideration and on available experimental data, Nagor- nov and Chizhov [26] derived the P–V–T EOS of ice in the form v ¼ v(T, p), where v is the specific volume of ice, and calculated its heat capacity and other thermodynamic properties. The EOS of Nagornov and Chizhov [26] is valid in the pressure range 0–210 MPa and temperature range 230–273 K. On the other hand, thermodynamic potential functions such as the specific Helmholtz energy f(r, T) with independent variables density r and temperature T or the specific Gibbs energy g(T, p) with independent variables T and p (also called fundamental EOS) offer a compact and consistent way of representing equilibrium properties of a given substance, both theoretically and numerically [27]. This was very successfully demonstrated by the highly accurate formulations for liquid water [28] and other fluid substances [29]. Recently, Feistel and Wagner [30] pro- posed a new Gibbs potential function g(T, p) of ice that unified various data and formulas for thermodynamic equilibrium properties of ice in a consistent manner. The function g(T, p) has been compiled from an extended set of 32 groups of measurements with 522 experimental data points; it is valid for pressures from 0 to 210 MPa and, for the first time, for temperatures from 0 to 273.16 K. Special attention has been paid to the consistency of the Gibbs potential function of ice with the corresponding latest descriptions of water, vapor and seawater. Due to the ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/jpcs 0022-3697/$ - see front matter r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.12.018 Ã Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +52 55 5873 2122. E-mail address: tchijov@servidor.unam.mx (V. Tchijov).