American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1-6
Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajme/3/1/1
© Science and Education Publishing
DOI:10.12691/ajme-3-1-1
Prediction of Surface Roughness and Feed Force in
Milling for Some Materials at High Speeds
Omar Monir Koura
1,*
, Tamer Hassan Sayed
2
1
Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt
2
Design & Prod. Eng. Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: koura_omar@yahoo.com
Received December 09, 2014; Revised January 09, 2015; Accepted January 18, 2015
Abstract Machining at relatively high speed perform differently than when traditionally cutting speeds are used.
High speed machining affects to a great extent the quality of the manufactured products. The effects differ from
material to another. The aim of the present paper is to compare the quality of the machined parts at different cutting
speed ranges. The study covers several engineering materials. Neural Network techniques was applied in the
prediction of both the resulted surface roughness and the developed feed forces.
Keywords: high speed cutting, cutting conditions, roughness and tool wear, artificial neural network
Cite This Article: Omar Monir Koura, and Tamer Hassan Sayed, “Prediction of Surface Roughness and Feed
Force in Milling for Some Materials at High Speeds.” American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1
(2015): 1-6. doi: 10.12691/ajme-3-1-1.
1. Introduction
Milling is currently the most effective and productive
manufacturing method for roughing and semi-finishing
large surfaces of metallic parts. High speed milling is
sometime necessary to mill materials with special
characteristics. Milling performance, accuracy and surface
texture are tied up with the operating cutting conditions.
Reference [1], built a model to predict surface
roughness of milling surface based on cutting speed, feed
and depth of cut of end milling operations. The model is
based on Genetic expression programming (GEP) which is
a solution method that makes a global function search for
the problem, developed as a resultant genetic algorithm
(GA) and genetic programming (GP) algorithms. The tests
were carried out on Aluminum 6061 T8 using a 10 mm
diameter HSS end mill. The range of speed used was 23 to
47 m/min, range of feed 135 to 650 mm/min and range of
depth of cut 0.25 to 1.27 mm. The model gave the relation
between cutting parameters and surface roughness with
accuracy of about 91%.
Reference [2], proposed a method for determination of
the best cutting parameters leading to minimum surface
roughness in end milling mold surfaces of an ortez part
used in biomedical applications by coupling neural
network and genetic algorithm. A series of cutting
experiments for mold surfaces in one component of ortez
part are conducted to obtain surface roughness values. The
tests were carried out on Aluminum 7075 T6 using a 10
mm diameter Sandvik end mill. The range of speed used
was 100 to 300 m/min, range of feed 0.32 to 0.52 mm/rev,
range of axial depth of cut 0.30 to 0.7 mm and range of
radial depth of cut 1 to 2 mm. A feed forward neural
network model is developed exploiting experimental
measurements from the surfaces in the mold cavity.
Genetic algorithm coupled with neural network is
employed to find optimum cutting parameters leading to
minimum surface roughness without any constraint.
Reference [3], developed a mathematical model for
determining the optimal machining conditions, so as to
obtain a surface with specified properties, taking account
of the technological constraints on the following
parameters: the residual stress; the roughness and micro-
hardness (cold working) of the machined surface; the
structural–phase composition of the surface layer (the
temperature), the tool life; and the standard machine-tool
data. It is found that the surface roughness declines with
increase in cutting speed and decrease in the feed and
depth. Also, the cutting speed and depth have the greatest
influence on the surface micro-hardness. Increasing the
cutting speed made the surface properties become more
uniform in high-speed end milling.
Reference [4], presented an artificial neural network
(ANN) model for predicting the surface roughness
performance measure in the machining process. Matlab
ANN toolbox was used for the modelling purpose. The
tests were carried out on Titanium Alloy (Ti-6A1-4V)
using un-coated, TiAIN coated and SNTR tools. The
range of speed used was 124 to 167 m/min and range of
feed 0.025 to 0.083 mm/tooth. The study concluded that
the model for surface roughness in the milling process
could be improved by modifying the number of layers and
nodes in the hidden layers of the ANN network structure,
particularly for predicting the value of the surface
roughness performance measure. As a result of the
prediction, the recommended combination of cutting
conditions to obtain the best surface roughness value is a
high speed with a low feed rate and radial rake angle.