Research Article
Simulations of Magnetohemodynamics in Stenosed Arteries in
Diabetic or Anemic Models
Aiman Alshare
1
and Bourhan Tashtoush
2
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Correspondence should be addressed to Aiman Alshare; aiman.share@gju.edu.jo
Received 5 November 2015; Revised 11 January 2016; Accepted 19 January 2016
Academic Editor: Guan H. Yeoh
Copyright © 2016 A. Alshare and B. Tashtoush. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Pulsatile fow simulations of non-Newtonian blood fow in an axisymmetric multistenosed artery, subjected to a static magnetic
feld, are performed using FLUENT. Te infuence of artery size and magnetic feld intensity on transient wall shear stress, mean
shear stress, and pressure drop is investigated. Tree diferent types of blood, namely, healthy, diabetic, and anemic are considered.
It is found that using Newtonian viscosity model of blood in contrast to Carreau model underestimates the pressure drop and wall
shear stress by nearly 34% and 40%, respectively. In addition, it is found that using a magnetic feld increases the pressure drop by
15%. Generally, doubling the artery diameter reduces the wall shear stress approximately by 1.6 times. Also increasing the stenosis
level from moderate to severe results in reduction of the shear stress by 1.6 times. Furthermore, doubling the diameter of moderately
stenosed artery results in nearly 3-fold decrease in pressure drop. It is also found that diabetic blood results in higher shear stress
and greater pressure drop in comparison to healthy blood, whereas anemic blood has a decreasing efect on both wall shear stress
and pressure drop in comparison to healthy blood.
1. Introduction
Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of cholesterol-laden
plaque in arterial walls that causes a narrowing or stenosis
and a loss of elasticity in the arteries at various sites. Te
diseased arteries ofen result in heart attacks and strokes both
of which are leaders in human mortality. Te major cause of
stroke is blood vessel blockage or plaque rupture. Narrowing
of an arterial lumen tends to occur in regions of disturbed
fow and oscillating wall shear stress (WSS). Tan et al. [1]
linked the growth, progression, and structure of plaque in a
70% carotid symmetric stenosis at rupture to the oscillating
wall shear stresses using pulsatile transitional simulations.
Considering axially asymmetric stenosis and Newtonian fuid
model Gao et al. [2] found that the Womersley number
has a great infuence on the vortex generation and the
WSS distribution and to a lesser extent on the Reynolds
number. Grinberg et al. [3] analyzed the fow in stenosed
carotid artery using three-dimensional transient model and
a simplifed two-dimensional slice, since the latter is more
appropriate as clinical tool. Teir results revealed that regions
of unsteady laminar fow characterize the state of the fow
and a subregion of turbulence, starting downstream of the
stenosis and extending about fve to six centimeters farther
downstream. Te fow in the subregion is found to laminarize
as the Reynolds number is decreased. Pulsatile fow of
Newtonian blood through stenosed porous medium with
periodic body acceleration under the infuence of a uniform
transverse magnetic feld was studied by Das and Saha [4].
Te study proposed that varying the efect of the magnetic
feld in, for example, clinical magnetotherapy, can regulate the
volumetric fow rate.
Numerical simulations have been proposed by Ku et al.
[5] as a method for predicting changes in fow distributions
and patterns from surgical bypass procedure. Te simula-
tions’ results were temporally and spatially averaged and
compared against measurements obtained using magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for a phantom model
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Volume 2016, Article ID 8123930, 13 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8123930