Shubham Avhad, Vikram Hankare. Sexual Dimorphism from Visual Examination of Tongue in Satara District. Int J Forensic Sci Pathol. 2021;8(4):441-445. 441 OPEN ACCESS https://scidoc.org/IJFP.php Shubham Avhad 1* , Vikram Hankare 2 1 UG Student, Department of Forensic Science, Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Satara, Maharashtra, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Science, Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Satara, Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Forensic Science & Pathology (IJFP) ISSN: 2332-287X *Corresponding Author: Shubham Avhad, UG Student, Department of Forensic Science, Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Satara, Maharashtra, India. Tel : 9762938422 E-mail : shubham.avhad777@gmail.com Received: July 24, 2021 Accepted: July 28, 2021 Published: August 09, 2021 Citation: Shubham Avhad, Vikram Hankare. Sexual Dimorphism from Visual Examination of Tongue in Satara District. Int J Forensic Sci Pathol. 2021;8(4):441-445. doi http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2332-287X-2100093 Copyright: Shubham Avhad © 2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Identifcation of an individual plays a very important role in any crime investigation, mass disaster, and deceased cases.[1] Human identifcation is one of the challenging areas, and it is based on unique physiological parameters is the central dogma of foren- sic identifcation and biometric authentication. Traditional biom- etrics like face, iris, fngerprint, palm print, and voice have been used in biometric authentication but has an inherent limitation in that they are easily forged.[2] The tongue is a vital organ which is well enclosed within the oral cavity, having its own blood and nervous supply and is composed of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles controlling its movement and also papillae which is characteristic. It is unique to each person in its surface characteristics mainly, shape, surface texture, and size. This uniqueness of tongue may aid in individual identifcation and thus may serve as a new bio- metric tool.[3] The uniqueness of the tongue print is that no two tongues are the same, and studies have found that the tongue of identical twins also does not resemble each other. The tongue provides both static and dynamic features for authentication.[4] It presents both geometric shape information and physiological texture information which are potentially useful in identity veri- fcation applications. The shape of the individual tongue is con- stant, notwithstanding its instinctive squirm and its physiological textures are invariant even as the coating of the tongue changes. [5] With this background, a study was designed to classify varia- tions in morphological characteristics of the tongue as observed on photographs and to assess the usefulness of tongue replica for Abstract Tongue is a vital organ which performs multiple actions such as articulation of speech, perception of taste, and formation of food bolus. It is well protected from the external environment and enclosed in the oral cavity. Introduction: Identifcation of an individual plays a signifcant role in criminal investigation. The morphological features of tongue may show variation from one individual to another even in twins and also between male and female. The morphologi- cal features of tongue can be studied on the basis of shape, fssures, length and width of the tongue. Aim: To study sexual dimorphism from visual examination of tongue in Satara district. Objectives: To examine morphological features such as shape, length and width, presence or absence of fssures on the tongue. To study sexual dimorphism on the basis of visual examination of tongue in Satara district. Methodology: The study sample included 100 male and 100 female (11–30 years). The participants were subjected to visual examination and by obtaining a digital photograph of the tongue on maximum protrusion to study the morphological varia- tion like shape, borders and fssures of the tongue. The statistical analysis done using the Chi‑square test. Result: U-shape tongue was common in males compared to females and V-shaped tongue was more common in females compared to males. A scalloped border was observed more in males compared to females, whereas smooth borders were observed more predominantly in females compared to males. A multiple fssures were observed more in females compared to males, whereas single fssures were observed more in males. Conclusion: This study represents a preliminary method for analyzing the morphological characteristics of the tongue by visual examination in male and female in Satara district. The surface characteristics of tongue show signifcant variations in male and female and could serve as an aid in sexual dimorphism. Keywords: Criminal Investigation; Sexual Dimorphism; Chi-Square Test; Fissures. Sexual Dimorphism from Visual Examination of Tongue in Satara District Research Article