International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 09 | Sep 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1089 Recommendations for the Best Communication Technologies for Automated Systems in Urban and Rural Environments Amith R Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bangalore, India Shivanee Kondur Student, Department of Information Science and Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bangalore, India Abhishek V Tatachar Student, Department of Information Science and Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bangalore, India Varun Yarehalli Chandrappa Research Scholar, School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland University Rockhampton, Australia Vishwas K V Student, Department of Information Science and Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bangalore, India Dr. Kiran Y C Professor and Head, Department of Information Science and Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bangalore, Indi ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – With the advancement in technology, automated systems are on the rise. These systems make life easier by reducing the amount of menial and trivial tasks that humans had to perform themselves. These systems need a way to communicate to stay in sync or send data to other systems to be more efficient. However, the same type of communication technology cannot be used for all the systems and they vary from point to point depending upon the location where these systems are installed. For example, an automated system installed in an urban location might employ Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) or ZigBee wireless communication protocol and on the other hand, an automated system employed in a rural area can employ Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) due it its availability, ease of use and its range capabilities. This paper concentrates on why automated systems require communication facilities and what are the ideal communication protocols that the automated systems installed in rural and urban areas. I. INTRODUCTION Automated systems are widely on the rise with the advancement in technology every single day. These systems reduce the number of human interventions required in the task being performed, allowing humans to concentrate on the non-trivial and more important tasks where their attention is required. Most automation systems involve some kind of communication, either with a server for computation or transfer of data to another system to establish efficiency and data transfer as in chatbots. Certain implementations of automated systems that involve sensors utilize the sensor information in a feedback loop, process this information, and send to the actuators the control commands to be executed. Because of the uncertainties in process knowledge and environmental circumstances, such closed-loop feedback control is required [1]. In many automated systems, some subsystems can communicate with each other via communication networks that can be wired or wireless. As Nicholas Kottenstette and Panos J. Antsaklis state in [1], that in many automated systems as in Anti-lock Brake Systems(ABS) or among unmanned aerial vehicles that communicate among themselves to coordinate the flight paths, communication plays a key role in such cases. Automated systems require some sort of communication protocol to remain synchronized or to share any data. When we consider automated devices that are implemented in different scenarios (Urban and Rural environments), the choice of the communication protocol is very important especially when they have to communicate with a remote subsystem or a server. Now, the choice of communication protocols differs in each of these locations and several factors have to be considered while choosing a network architecture suitable to a particular location. For example, we need to consider the type of communication, as in can we implement a wired communication protocol or do we have to go wireless, we need to consider the range of communication and decide if we need a short-range communication protocol or a long-range communication protocol. Additionally, we also have to consider the availability of the facilities for implementing such technology in the location where we plan to implement the system. On considering all these factors we will be able to come up with the right choice of communication protocol and ideal network architecture for communication. So communication is a key part of automated systems and in this paper, we try to answer the questions like – Why do automated systems require communication? And what are the ideal communication protocol if the system is implemented in an urban or rural environment? II. LITERATURE SURVEY A. Urban development and the concept of Smart Cities Several big cities across the globe are looking at using the smart city concept to improve their residents' living conditions and better use local infrastructure and resources [2]. Given the intricate architecture of Smart City settings, it's