Research Article
Synthesis of a Novel Single-Source Precursor for the
Production of Lead Chalcogenide Thin Films
Nathaniel Owusu Boadi ,
1
Selina Ama Saah,
2
and Johannes A. M. Awudza
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
2
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
Correspondence should be addressed to Nathaniel Owusu Boadi; noboadi@gmail.com
Received 21 April 2020; Revised 6 July 2020; Accepted 8 July 2020; Published 24 July 2020
Guest Editor: Tapan Sarkar
Copyright©2020NathanielOwusuBoadietal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
A novel complex [Pb((SeP
i
Pr
2
)
2
N) (S
2
CNEt
2
)] has been synthesized and characterized by microelemental analysis, melting point
NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. Its crystal structure has also been successfully determined using single-crystal X-ray crys-
tallography. e structure indicates a distorted square pyramidal geometry with the four basal atoms being noncoplanar. e
complex was used as a single-source precursor for the deposition of lead chalcogenide thin films on glass substrates at 300, 350,
400, and 450
°
C by AACVD. e films were characterized by SEM, EDX, and XRD. e XRD peaks matched with cubic PbSe at all
temperatures. e SEM micrographs showed the formation of cubes with the lower temperatures (300–350
°
C) showing well-
resolved cubes while with the higher temperatures (400–450
°
C) showing poorly resolved cubes. e EDX analyses confirmed the
formation of PbSe thin films at all the deposition temperatures.
1.Introduction
Flexible lightweight solar cells that are currently being de-
veloped have many uses, which makes them very important.
in-film solar cells have 30 to 100 times less semi-
conducting materials and are inexpensive to manufacture
than the existing silicon-based cells [1].
e chemical vapour deposition of inorganic/organo-
metallic complexes as dual or multiple source precursors is
preferred because of its less vigorous processing parameters.
e control of the stoichiometry of the thin films deposited
is, however, a challenge that sometimes results in film
contamination [2, 3]. Single-source precursors are an ideal
alternative that addresses this challenge. ey have a “built-
in” I-III-VI stoichiometry and are well suited for deposition
at low temperatures [3, 4].
e single-source routes use a metal-organic/organo-
metallic complex as the precursor for the growth of the
target compound at the preferred stoichiometry [5]. ere
are many advantages with the use of single-source precur-
sors over other sources [6–8]. ese include preformed
bonds that exist within the molecule, which will reduce
defects in the material produced.
Also, single-source precursors are mostly stable to air
with low toxicity and are easy to handle. eir decompo-
sition pathways are often at low temperatures and cleaner,
leading to the production of crystalline nanomaterials with
very low impurities [9].
Lead sulfide (PbS) is a IV–VI semiconductor that has
technological applications such as infrared detectors [10]
and absorbers in thin-film solar cells [11, 12]. Lead sulfide
semiconductorhasanarrowgap[8,13,14],whichmakesit
different from other semiconductors. e bandgap of PbS
is affected by temperature and particle size [12, 15]. e
high sensitivity of the properties of PbS to particle size
makes it well suited for nanostructured devices [12]. e
multiple exciton generation effects of PbS and PbSe
semiconductors [8, 16] make them preferable as solar cell
materials [12].
PbS has also been used in sensors, photography, de-
tectors, and optical switches in addition to solar cells
[17, 18]. e bandgap of PbS can be tuned easily and thus
Hindawi
Journal of Chemistry
Volume 2020, Article ID 8349549, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8349549