Oluwamukomi et al. Bull Natl Res Cent (2021) 45:165
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00623-w
RESEARCH
Quality evaluation and storage properties
of traditional maize-based snacks: Ipekere
Agbado enriched with Bambara groundnut
Matthew Olusola Oluwamukomi, Timilehin David Oluwajuyitan
*
and Oluwatobiloba Tolulope Makinde
Abstract
Background: Ipekere agbado is a traditional maize-based snack consumed in South Western part of Nigeria, but low
in protein content and deteriorate within few days. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating the chemical compositions,
functional properties, softness index and storage properties as influence by Bambara groundnut (BG) enrichment.
Maize and Bambara groundnut flours were well mixed to generate the following blends: MB10 (Maize 90%, Bambara
groundnut 10%), MB20 (Maize 80%, Bambara groundnut 20%), MB30 (Maize 70%, Bambara groundnut 30%) and CTRL
(Maize 100%) which served as control.
Results: Protein value increased with increase in Bambara groundnut flour inclusion. The value obtained for Na/K and
Ca/P ratio of ipekere agbado samples including CTRL were all significantly (p < 0.05) lower than 1.00 and greater than
2.00 respectively. Low bulk density was observed in the enriched products compared with CTRL. Storage properties
(TBA, PV and FFA) resulted in noticeable increase with increasing storage periods. The maize-snack stored at 37 °C had
significantly (p < 0.05) shorter storage shelf life compared to those stored at 18 °C and 25 °C.
Conclusion: The overall result showed that 20% Bambara substitution was the most adequate to produce an accept-
able and nutritious snack (“ipekere agbado”). Hence, consumption may improve nutrient intake and reduce protein
energy malnutrition menace.
Keywords: Maize, Ipekere agbado, Functional properties and storage stability
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Background
Maize (Zea mays) is a stable food widely consume as a
cheap sources of calories and used as the main grain diet
for school feeding via the Home Grown School Feeding
Program in Nigeria (WFP 2017; Rapando et al. 2020). It
is can be consumed boiled, roasted or use in production
of verities of traditional snacks such as ipekere agbado,
dankwa, robo, aadun, kokoro (Olaniyi and Oluwamukomi
2017; Dauda et al. 2020).
Among these traditional maize-based snacks ipekere
agbado is more popular and widely consumed by the
Yoruba’s in the Southern part of Nigeria. It is cheap,
easy to eat and known for its nutritious taste, crispiness
and appealing creamy colour. Ipekere agbado is readily
available on the streets, markets, schools, among others
(Ugwuanyi et al. 2020). However, like other traditional
maize-based snacks, ipekere agbado is low in protein
(Akoja 2016). Hence, the needs for enrichment using
legumes such as Bambara groundnut which may help in
reduction of the prevalence of protein-energy malnutri-
tion (PEM) (Adegbanke et al. 2019; Ijarotimi and Kes-
hinro 2020).
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) belongs to
the plant family Fabaceae and originated from the West
Africa (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria and Sen-
egal) (FAOSTAT 2015; USDA 2017). In Nigeria, it is
used for local snacks such as okpa, Sagidi, and Kulikuli
Open Access
Bulletin of the National
Research Centre
*Correspondence: tdoluwajuyitan@futa.edu.ng
Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University
of Technology, Akure, Nigeria