International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 10 | Oct 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 934 Internet of Things Integrated Smart Grid: The Future of Energy Sidratul Montaha Silmee 1 , Md Sabbir Hosen 2 1 Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh 2 Department of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, China ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Electricity is the key energy source for electronics products are used at all levels of society, from residential to industrial. Around the world, the majority of electrical power grids are operated by fossil fuels, which are becoming increasingly scarce and are supposed to run out in the upcoming years. So, Conventional electrical power grids are being transformed into smart grids (SGs). The smart grid is a transformation of the conventional power system that relies highly on the interaction of energy, control & communication infrastructure. Smart Grid facilitates bidirectional energy flow between service providers and consumers by integrating power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization systems. Smart Grids make extensive use of a variety of devices to monitor, analyze, and control the grid, which are deployed in large numbers at power plants, distribution centers, and consumers' premises. Although, the Smart Grid requires connectivity, automation, and the tracking of such devices. Utilizing Internet of Things, this can be achieved. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a large dynamic global network infrastructure of Internet-enabled entities with web services. The Internet of Things (IoT) assists smart grid systems to support various network functions throughout the generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of energy by integrating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators, and smart meters), and also by providing connectivity, automation, and tracking for such devices. In this article, we have discussed about IoT, Smart Grid and their relationship, IoT integrated Smart Grid Technology, IoT architectures in Smart Grid, IoT applications and services in Smart grid, challenges and future research directions for the IoT integrated Smart Grid. Key Words: Internet of Things, Smart Grid, AMI, HAN, NAN, WAN. 1. INTRODUCTION A conventional electrical power grid comprised of a huge number of loosely connected simultaneous Alternate Current (AC) grids. It performs three main functions: generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy, in which electric power flows only in one direction, i.e., from a service provider to the consumers [1]. Firstly in power generation, Numerous power plants generate electrical energy, primarily through the combustion of carbon and uranium-based fuels. Secondly in power transmission, High-voltage transmission lines are used to transport electricity from power plants to distant loads centers. Thirdly in power distribution, Electrical distribution systems provide reduced-voltage electricity to end users. Each grid is centrally maintained and regulated to ensure that power plants generate electrical energy in accordance with the customer demands while adhering to power system constraints. Almost entirely of the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy is owned by utility companies, which provide electrical energy to consumers and charge them appropriately to recover their costs and earn a profit [1]. The power grids endure a significant wastage of energy due to a number of factors, such as consumers' inefficient appliances and lack of smart technology, inefficient routing and dispensation of electrical energy, unreliable communication, and monitoring, and most importantly, lack of a mechanism to store the generated electrical energy. Furthermore, power grids face some other challenges as well, including growing energy demand, reliability, security, emerging renewable energy sources and aging infrastructure problems to name a few [1]. In order to resolve these challenges, the Smart Grid (SG) mechanism has emerged as a promising approach that incorporates a variety of information and communication technologies. Such technologies can improve the effectiveness, efficiency, reliability, security, sustainability, stability, and scalability of the traditional power grid. In numerous ways, the smart grid is different from traditional power grids. For example, the Smart Grid allows for bidirectional communication between service providers and consumers, whereas a traditional power grid only allows for unidirectional communication from the service provider to the consumer. Smart Grid features include Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), smart meters, fault tolerance, unauthorized usage detection, and load balancing, as well as self-healing, which refers to the detection and recovery from faults [11]. Smart Grid reduces energy waste by generating energy that closely matches demand. For example, Smart Grid assists in real-time pricing, self-healing, power consumption scheduling and optimized electrical energy usage [6]. By maintaining a balance between power generation and consumption, such decisions can significantly improve power quality and grid efficiency. Smart Grid utilizes multiple devices to monitor, analyze, and control the grid. Hundreds, millions or even billions of such monitoring devices are installed at power plants, transmission lines, transmission towers, distribution centers, and consumer premises. One of the primary concerns for the Smart Grid is the connectivity, automation, and tracking of such a large number of devices, which requires distributed monitoring, analysis, and control via high-speed, ubiquitous, and bidirectional digital communications [17]. It requires the distributed automation of the Smart Grid to accommodate