Research Article
Gloriosa superba Mediated Synthesis of Platinum and Palladium
Nanoparticles for Induction of Apoptosis in Breast Cancer
Shalaka S. Rokade,
1
Komal A. Joshi,
2
Ketakee Mahajan,
2
Saniya Patil,
2
Geetanjali Tomar,
2
Dnyanesh S. Dubal,
3
Vijay Singh Parihar,
4
Rohini Kitture,
5
Jayesh R. Bellare,
6
and Sougata Ghosh
7
1
Department of Microbiology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411016, India
2
Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
3
Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
4
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology,
Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland
5
Department of Applied Physics, Defense Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
6
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
7
Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Kasturbadham, Rajkot 360020, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Sougata Ghosh; ghoshsibb@gmail.com
Received 27 February 2018; Revised 16 May 2018; Accepted 26 May 2018; Published 2 July 2018
Academic Editor: Konstantinos Tsipis
Copyright © 2018 Shalaka S. Rokade et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Green chemistry approaches for designing therapeutically significant nanomedicine have gained considerable attention in the past
decade. Herein, we report for the first time on anticancer potential of phytogenic platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and palladium
nanoparticles (PdNPs) using a medicinal plant Gloriosa superba tuber extract (GSTE). e synthesis of the nanoparticles was
completed within 5 hours at 100
°
C which was confirmed by development of dark brown and black colour for PtNPs and PdNPs,
respectively, along with enhancement of the peak intensity in the UV-visible spectra. High-resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HRTEM) showed that the monodispersed spherical nanoparticles were within a size range below 10 nm. Energy
dispersive spectra (EDS) confirmed the elemental composition, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) helped to evaluate the
hydrodynamic size of the particles. Anticancer activity against MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines was evaluated
using MTT assay, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. PtNPs and PdNPs showed 49.65 ± 1.99% and 36.26 ± 0.91% of
anticancer activity. Induction of apoptosis was most predominant in the underlying mechanism which was rationalized by
externalization of phosphatidyl serine and membrane blebbing. ese findings support the efficiency of phytogenic fabrication of
nanoscale platinum and palladium drugs for management and therapy against breast cancer.
1. Introduction
Spectacular development in the field of nanotechnology has
led to the fabrication of exotic nanostructures with attractive
physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. Nano-
materials have got broad-spectrum therapeutic applications
which include carbon-based nanostructures, semiconductor
quantum dots, polymeric particles, metallic nanoparticles,
and magnetic nanoparticles. However, flexibility to vary the
properties like shape, size, composition, assembly, and en-
capsulation has made metallic nanoparticles most preferred
over others for biomedical applications [1]. Platinum-based
therapeutic drugs, notably cisplatin and carboplatin, are
exploited in chemotherapy against cancer, while platinum
nanoparticles (PtNPs) have gained attention only recently
[2]. Similarly, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are also
reported to exhibit anticancer activity against human leu-
kemia (MOLT-4) cells [3]. Although there are so many
Hindawi
Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
Volume 2018, Article ID 4924186, 9 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4924186