International Journal of Poultry Science 12 (8): 484-488, 2013
ISSN 1682-8356
© Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013
Corresponding Author: Jein Rinny Leke, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya Uuniversity, Malang-65145, Indonesia
484
Egg Internal Quality and n-3 Fatty Acids of Native Chicken Fed on Skipjack
Fish (Katsuwonus pelamis. l) Industrial Waste Containing Feed
Jein Rinny Leke , Achmanu , Osfar Sjofjan and Marie Najoan
1,2 1 1 2
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya Uuniversity, Malang-65145, Indonesia
1
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
2
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the use of skipjack fish industrial waste to
native hen diets on egg internal quality. A total of 180 native laying hens 27-34 weeks of age were used in
this experiment and randomly distributed into 180 units of battery cage. There were three types of skipjack
waste used as main treatment diets, namely Heads and Entrails (HE) (S1), the rest of filleting (bones) (S2)
and company sorting residuals (arachon) (S3). The treatment diets have five levels of skipjack waste each,
hence the 15 treatment diets combination which consisted of one diet without skipjack waste (control) and
the others four containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% skipjack wastes each. The experiment was carried out based
on a nested completely randomized design, comprising three main treatments (A factors), five levels as sub-
plot (B factors) with three replicates containing four native hens each. Data were analyzed using and the
differences between treatments were tested Duncan's multiple range test. The variables measured were
egg weight, Hen Day Production (HDP), egg weight, yolk color and n-3 FA. The results revealed that the main
treatments HE, bones and arachon were not significantly effects (P>0.05) on HDP, egg weight and yolk color.
Meanwhile, increasing the level of HE, Bones and Arachon did not affect significantly (P>0.05) against HDP,
egg weight, yolk color, Furthermore, the treatments (HE, Bones, Arachon) were not significantly effects
(P>0.05) on SAFA, MUFA, En-3, En-6, Ratio of n-3:n-6. Similarly, increasing the level of up to 20% of HE,
Bones and Arachon to hen diets did not affect significantly (P>0.05) against SAFA, MUFA, E n-3, En-6 and ratio
of n-3: n-6. Therefore, the skipjack industrial waste, as Head and Entrails (HE), bones and arachon could
be used to the ration for optimizing productivity of native hen. It was recommended, the level of using the
skipjack waste of up to 15% in ration.
Key words: Internal quality, n-3 FA, skipjack fish industry waste
INTRODUCTION
Native chicken is one among animal resources which
generally become a mainstay, as well as an economic
buffer for the rural communities. This proved that the
rural communities now prefer to keep native chicken,
because it has special specifications on both the taste
and aroma of its eggs and meat and the efficacy of
native hen egg and meat can not be replaced by any of
race chicken products. Various studies have been
conducted on the characteristics and quality of chicken
products especially egg and meat.
Native hen eggs is one of livestock product which has a
high nutritional value that can be accepted by all
consumers. Public awareness of the native hen eggs
which is a conventional food and medicine due to its
bioactive components form of functional food which able
to prevent the disease. This gets a particular interest in
order to meet consumer demand and the quality of
native chicken eggs, mainly on the content of amino
acids and n-3 fatty acids. This can be done by feeding
trials on chickens. Others function of omega-3 fatty acids
(PUFA)-enriched eggs are decreases the risk of heart
disease, inhibits the growth of prostate and breast
cancer and is required for normal fetal brain and visual
development (Lewis et al., 2000).
Skipjack fish industrial waste has potential as an
alternative feed source in Indonesia Skipjack industrial
waste is a byproduct of making wooden fish and
canning fish. North Sulawesi Utara is known as one of
the region’s potential skipjack fishing ground in
Indonesia. The production of skipjack in Sulawesi Utara
in 2010 amounted to 60.168.1 tons/per year. PT
Nichindo is one of the wooden fish export company in
Sulawesi Utara. Skipjack waste is by-product from the
process of making skipjack wooden fish, where one ton
of wet skipjack waste can produce 250 kg of dry waste
with 10 moisture content. Skipjack fish industrial waste
is classified as Heads and Entrails (HE), the rest of
filleting (Bones), company sorting residuals (Arachon).
To get standardized as animal feed, it is necessary to
test the materials trough laboratory proximate analysis
and biological experiments, so it suitable to be used as
poultry feed in improving product quality, both eggs and
meat.