ech T Press Science Computers, Materials & Continua DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017752 Article Effect of Weather on the Spread of COVID-19 Using Eigenspace Decomposition Manar A. Alqudah 1 , Thabet Abdeljawad 2,3,4, * , Anwar Zeb 5 , Izaz Ullah Khan 5 and Fatma Bozkurt 6 1 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan 4 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 5 Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan 6 Department of Mathematics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey * Corresponding Author: Thabet Abdeljawad. Email: tabdeljawad@psu.edu.sa Received: 09 February 2021; Accepted: 20 April 2021 Abstract: Since the end of 2019, the world has suffered from a pandemic of the disease called COVID-19. WHO reports show approximately 113 M confrmed cases of infection and 2.5 M deaths. All nations are affected by this nightmare that continues to spread. Widespread fear of this pandemic arose not only from the speed of its transmission: a rapidly changing “normal life” became a fear for everyone. Studies have mainly focused on the spread of the virus, which showed a relative decrease in high temperature, low humidity, and other environmental conditions. Therefore, this study targets the effect of weather in considering the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 for some confrmed cases in Iraq. The eigenspace decomposition technique was used to analyze the effect of weather conditions on the spread of the disease. Our theo- retical fndings showed that the average number of confrmed COVID-19 cases has cyclic trends related to temperature, humidity, wind speed, and pressure. We supposed that the dynamic spread of COVID-19 exists at a temperature of 130 F. The minimum transmission is at 120 F, while steady behavior occurs at 160 F. On the other hand, during the spread of COVID-19, an increase in the rate of infection was seen at 125% humidity, where the minimum spread was achieved at 200%. Furthermore, wind speed showed the most signifcant effect on the spread of the virus. The spread decreases with a wind speed of 45 KPH, while an increase in the infectious spread appears at 50 KPH. Keywords: Novel coronavirus; weather effects; eigenspace decomposition; COVID-19 1 Introduction On December 31, 2019, WHO announced a coronavirus seen in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. It was not considered unsafe at that time since all coronaviruses showed a mild effect on the human body. However, the increase and spread of death rates in Wuhan allowed people to understand that this virus showed different human body symptoms. The virus was later named This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.