International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS) www.iasir.net IJETCAS 13-353; © 2013, IJETCAS All Rights Reserved Page 289 ISSN (Print): 2279-0047 ISSN (Online): 2279-0055 Network Analysis Using GIS Praveen Kumar Rai, Prince Kumar Singh, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Kshitij Mohan Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India ________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Network Analysis helps in identifying optimum locations for services to be provided. In the present study, hospitals and road in part of Varanasi city area have been selected for network Analysis. Complicated networks of roads require analysis to improve the movement of people, goods, services and the flow of resources. To demonstrate the use of network analysis, this paper focused on determining the optimal route between two or more destinations based on a specific travel expense. Geographical Information System (GIS) software is used to determine the quickest way or the shortest way between those locations. The attribute data of the road network is collected to develop the database of road network and an optimum route. An optimal route representing the total cost of route in meters as well as in minutes are developed. The result of analysis includes the directions to travel on that route. Keywords: Network Analysis, Attribute data, GIS, IKONOS data, Varanasi. _____________________________________________________________________________________ I. Introduction The Transportation System is a critical component of urban infrastructure and the lifeline of the city. It plays a key role in the economic growth of that region. It also displays region's economic condition as well as planners' dedication for their region. An efficient route planning and accessibility facilitate sustainable development. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is more useful in management functions and decision support systems which are more helpful in the planning process of urbanization. Instead of finding the optimal solutions for urban problems, bold approaches must be developed on the usage of heuristic problems, making it capable of supporting the dynamic requirements of the urbanization. According to that when the spatial entity is associated with the non-spatial attributes; it can be useful to achieve the sustainable infrastructure planning or strategy [1]. This is a key factor for applying GIS technology as a tool in supporting transportation network analysis or planning. In the GIS platform, the database of transportation network is normally extended by integrated with attribute and spatial data [2][3]. As roads are the only means of transport available to the urban settlements, it plays an important role in the comprehensive development of a society. It acts as the lifeline of the urban economy and society. Urban transport network is very prominent sector for the growth of urbanization. The urban growth includes all aspects of development including settlements, education, industries, trade and other facilities and these all facilities depends on good transportation network [3]. In transportation planning by using GIS applications, mapping tools for a primary data like toposheet as well as the Satellite and airborne images can be used. The various applications of GIS can be used for identification of road network area and change detection in road. It can also be used to detect the distance between the one place to another place. It not only detects the distance but also used to show the shortest path between two or more than places [4]. These applications of GIS can be used in traffic control to generate the traffic control mechanism that provide fastest route. The traditional planning is not sufficient in urban transport [4]. The new approaches have to be used to present or identify serious issues on planning or analyzing urban transport network in a scientific way. II. Literature Review The Line feature is more important in the maps, because it represents a major map feature. There are many GIS software that provides a Line Feature Generalization facility. The geometric operations are involved in this generalization like selection, merge, symbolization, elimination etc. But there is no proper definition for generalization. In Arc GIS 9.3, a point remove tool uses Douglas-Peucker (DP) algorithm. This algorithm is most popular algorithm, which is used in many applications like Road, river, coastal line generalization [5]. The following operations are required to generalize a road network. Classification: It identifies an object and makes groups according to properties. For easier selection and more accurate roads depends on the good classification. It minimizes the complexity. Ex. road width. Selection: Select particular road class at the target scale. Elimination: Eliminate shorter road of a certain length. Simplification: selected roads can be simplified to reduce the details. Ex. Remove extraneous bends of roads. Typification: This is manual editing approach. It reduces the Network density and simplifies the distribution and the pattern of the network. Symbolization: To represent features on maps, graphic marks are used. Ex. Road Name, Road Number. Role of Transportation Network Model and Network Analys is in transportation system (road network system)