foods
Review
From Quantifying to Managing Food Loss in the Agri-Food
Industry Supply Chain
Eva M. Sánchez-Teba
1,
* , Germán Gemar
1
and Ismael Pablo Soler
2
Citation: Sánchez-Teba, E.M.; Gemar,
G.; Soler, I.P. From Quantifying to
Managing Food Loss in the
Agri-Food Industry Supply Chain.
Foods 2021, 10, 2163. https://doi.org/
10.3390/foods10092163
Academic Editor:
Verica Dragovi´ c-Uzelac
Received: 6 August 2021
Accepted: 8 September 2021
Published: 13 September 2021
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4.0/).
1
Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
ggemar@uma.es
2
Department of Applied Economics (Statistics and Econometrics), University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
ipsoler@uma.es
* Correspondence: emsanchezteba@uma.es
Abstract: The significant contradiction of food waste and food insecurity that preoccupies society
today is growing increasingly important. It is estimated that one-third of all food produced globally
is either lost or wasted. In a world where almost one billion people are hungry, reducing food loss
and waste is critical to creating a world with zero hunger and achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals by ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns. This study analyses how
scientific research concerning food loss has evolved in recent years, with a focus on the supply chain
of agri-food companies. Bibliometric techniques were used to analyse a sample of 181 publications
from journals indexed in the Web of Science from 2012 to 2021. The obtained results show a
growing interest in this topic and a clear concern for the management and prevention of food loss.
An important conclusion is that a holistic approach from a supply chain perspective is needed to
devise food loss reduction strategies focusing future lines of research on stakeholder collaboration,
the circular economy and related regulatory changes. The study has implications for entrepreneurs
and decisionmakers due to the effect that a reduction in food loss has on business strategies, as well
as for policymakers in order to create updated food safety and quality regulations.
Keywords: SciMAT; food loss and waste; food supply chain; agri-food companies; sustainable
development goals; bibliometric analysis
1. Introduction
Food loss and waste (FLW) has become one of the great paradoxes of our global society,
with numerous environmental, economic and social implications [1]. On the one hand, food
security is compromised as millions of people worldwide go hungry and, on the contrary,
millions of tons of food are wasted [2]. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization
of The United Nations (FAO), it is estimated that one-third of food is lost or wasted [3,4].
There are different definitions of food loss and food waste, which has sometimes been a
problem for comparing studies and even for unifying results [5]. The FAO is the body that
defines food loss and food waste with a focus on the food security dimension [6]. Food
loss refers to the reduction in the mass of edible food along the supply chain for human
consumption [7]. Some researchers think that food loss and waste occurs throughout
the food supply chain [8,9], while some researchers propose that food loss occurs in the
upstream supply chain and food waste happens in the downstream supply chain [10].
However, in our research we will go with Antonelli et al. [10]. On the other hand, food
waste occurs when food produced for consumption is discarded or not consumed by
humans (food is spoiled or was edible when discarded) [11]. Food loss occurs in the
upstream supply chain (production, post-harvest or processing) [12], while food wastage
occurs downstream, at the retail or consumer stages, where product aesthetics and quality
standards to be met play a major role [13].
Foods 2021, 10, 2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092163 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/foods