Available online at: http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpe Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 9 (2), 2021, 179-192 https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v9i2.34172 This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license. Developing HOTS questions for the materials of human and animals respiratory organs for grade V of elementary school Aulia Latifah, Ika Maryani * Elementary School Teacher Education, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Jalan Ki Ageng Pemanahan No.19, Sorosutan, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia * Corresponding Author. E-mail: ika.maryani@pgsd.uad.ac.id Received: 2 September 2020; Revised: 17 March 2021; Accepted: 25 March 2021 Abstract: The study aims (1) to know the resulting development HOTS questions for the materials of human and animal respiratory organs for grade V of elementary school, and (2) to test the quality of questions for the materials of human and animal respiratory organs for grade V of elementary school. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) with ADDIE methods (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The research subjects were 90 grade V elementary school students. Observation data through interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis technique uses qualitative data from Miles and Huberman’s models, while quantitative data uses descriptive and inferential statistical data to calculate the result of the expert test (material and evaluation experts) and empirical test (validity, reliability, Difficulty index, discriminant index, and deception). The study results stated that (1) the validity of the first test that was classified as valid was 13 questions and 32 questions were invalid, while the second test, which was classified as valid, was 44 questions, and 1 question was invalid. The first reliability has sufficient and low criteria, while the second test has high and sufficient criteria. The Difficulty index of the first and second test items has difficult, medium, and easy criteria. The discriminant index of the first test has the criteria of being insufficient, sufficient, good, and some questions do not have a discriminant index, while the second test has the criteria for being insufficient, sufficient, and good. The effectiveness of the first test distractor had 48,89% functional distractor and 51,11% non-functioning, while the second test had 75,55% functional distractor and 24,44% non-functioning, and (2) quality of question development HOTS from the results of material expert validation and evaluation obtained a value of 84,52% with very feasible criteria. Based on these assessment results, the question development is HOTS is feasible to be applied in school. Kata Kunci: HOTS instruments, Human and Animals Respiratory Organs, Elementary School. How to Cite: Latifah, A., & Maryani, I. (2021). Developing HOTS questions for the materials of human and animals respiratory organs for Grade V of elementary school. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 9(2), 179-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v9i2.34172 Introduction 21st-century life makes the educational position becoming more crucial to equip people to be able to compete globally. The governments have applied various attempts to create innovation and renewal. One of them is by improving the curriculum structure. Indonesia had changed the curriculum frequently. Curriculum changes have been started from Curriculum 1947, Curriculum 1964, Curriculum 1968, Curriculum 1973, Curriculum 1975, Curriculum 1984, Curriculum 1994, Curriculum 1997, Curriculum 2004, Curriculum KTSP, and the current curriculum is Curriculum 2013 (Muhammedi, 2016). The curriculum improvement is to improve in the educational field. Curriculum 2013 is expected to form the students’ character and competence of knowledge, skills, and behavior under a contextually learned concept (Kusumawati & Rulviana, 2017). Therefore, implemented curriculum 2013 is expected to com- plete previous curriculum deficiency and fulfill the educational success for preparing the next qualified generations. The opportunity to implement Curriculum 2013 is consequently to train and improve students’ HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill). HOTS is a thinking skill that is more than remembering and memorizing and the ability to analyze, combine, and estimate something (Yuniar et al., 2015). HOTS proficiency is thinking and assuming skills in overcoming moral problems to acquire knowledge (Putra & Agustiana, 2021). Previously mentioned descriptions show that HOTS is a critical and comprehensive thinking skill for using the knowledge to solve problems.