International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 100– No.11, August 2014 20 Energy Aware Coverage Preservation and Lifetime Enhancement Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Arti Rana M.Tech CSE Uttarakhand Technical University Dehradun, India Anshika Garg Assistant Professor Uttarakhand Technical University Dehradun, India Vivek Kumar M.Tech CSE Uttarakhand Technical University Dehradun, India ABSTRACT A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical and environmental conditions. One of the major concerns in wireless sensor network is increasing an energy-efficient protocol which has an important impact on the overall network lifetime of the sensor network. In this work, we propose a new clustering scheme called Energy-Aware Coverage Preservation and Lifetime Enhancement Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (EACPLEP) which is essentially a variation of an existing routing scheme, An Enhanced Energy-Efficient Protocol with Static Clustering (E 3 PSC). Alike to E 3 PSC, the presented work partitions the network into distance-based static clusters, reduce the overhead of dynamic clustering. However, disparate E 3 PSC, the selection of cluster heads are based on density aware scheme in which, where the number of nodes are more, the cluster head formed on that side. Performance of the scheme is considered in terms of network lifetime. A set of experimentation is carried out to assess the performance of the scheme and to compare the results with E 3 PSC. Based on our experimental results, it has been found that EACPLEP outperforms E 3 PSC in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption. Keywords Cluster head, Energy-Efficiency, Network Lifetime, and Wireless Sensor Network. 1. INTRODUCTION A wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes interconnected by wireless communication channels. Each sensor node is a small device that can collect data from its surrounding area, carry out simple computations, and communicate with other sensors or with the base stations (BS). Such networks have been realized due to recent advances in micro electromechanical systems and are expected to be widely used for applications such as environment monitoring, home security, and earthquake warning [1]. The advent of efficient short range radio communication and advances in miniaturization of computing devices have given rise to strong interest in wireless sensor networks [2], [3]. A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of hundreds or thousands of MEMS-based sensor nodes with the station either directly (single hop) or via other nodes (multi hop) around it in a cooperative manner. Such as network typically suffers from a number of unavoidable problems, such as resource-constrained nodes, random node deployment sometimes in an unattended open field etc. In some critical applications e.g. medical instrument monitoring it is very difficult to replace/recharge battery. Therefore, the network as a whole must minimize the energy usage in order to enable untethered and unattended operation for an extended period of time. Many works are so far reported towards minimization of energy usage. One of the ways to minimize such energy usage is employment of clustering. Clustering is defined [4] as the grouping of similar objects or the process of finding a natural association among some specific objects or data. It is used in WSN to transmit processed data to base station minimizing the number of nodes that take part in long distance communication leading to lowering of total energy consumption of the system. A number of works related to energy saving approaches exploiting cluster-based data gathering in WSNs have been defined in literature [5-10]. In this present work, we propose an EACPLEP (Energy- Aware Coverage Preservation and Lifetime Enhancement Protocol), a hierarchical static clustering based protocol, which eliminates the overhead of dynamic clustering and engages high power sensor nodes for power consuming tasks and as a result prolongs the network lifetime. In each cluster, EACPLEP chooses the sensor node with maximum energy as the cluster-head (CH) on the basis of density in which where the number of nodes are maximum, cluster head is formed on that side; thus not only there is always one CH for each cluster, but also the overhead of dynamic clustering is removed. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the proposed scheme along with the equivalent algorithm. Performance -assessment and simulation results are obtained in section 3. The entire work is concluded in section 4. 2. PROPOSED SCHEME This section includes the proposed scheme, Energy-Aware Coverage Preservation and Lifetime Enhancement Protocol (EACPLEP) followed by the algorithm of the proposed scheme. The objective of the scheme is to develop an energy- efficient clustering in wireless sensor networks to achieve the desired features of prolonged network lifetime and coverage- preservation and to select temporary cluster-heads and cluster- heads for the clusters so that all the clusters remain energy balanced resulting in prolonged network lifetime. 2.1 Network Model We consider a WSN with the following properties [5]-[6], [9]- [10];  All sensor nodes are immobile and homogenous in terms of initial stored energy.