ORIGINAL RESEARCH Nationwide Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Iranian Adults: Analysis of Data from PERSIAN Cohort Study Mohammad E. Khamseh . Sadaf G. Sepanlou . Nahid Hashemi-Madani . Farahnaz Joukar . Amir Houshang Mehrparvar . Elnaz Faramarzi . Hassan Okati-Aliabad . Zahra Rahimi . Abbas Rezaianzadeh . Reza Homayounfar . Farhad Moradpour . Neda Valizadeh . Masoumeh Kheirandish . Ehsan Zaboli . Alireza Moslem . Ali Ahmadi . Behrooz Hamzeh . Javad Harooni . Farhad Pourfarzi . Mohammad Reza Abolghasemi . Ali Reza Safarpour . Nayyereh Aminisani . Zahra Mohammadi . Sareh Eghtesad . Hossein Poustchi . Reza Malekzadeh Received: July 10, 2021 / Accepted: September 7, 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 ABSTRACT Introduction: Over the past decades prevalence of diabetes has increased in Iran and other countries. This study aimed to update the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Iran and to determine associated sociodemographic risk factors, as well as diabetes awareness and control. Methods: This is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey that included 163,770 Iranian adults aged 35–70 years, from different ethnic backgrounds, between 2014 and 2020. Diabetes was diagnosed at fasting blood sugar Mohammad E. Khamseh and Sadaf G. Sepanlou have contributed equally to this manuscript as co-first authors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01152-5. M. E. Khamseh Á N. Hashemi-Madani Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran S. G. Sepanlou Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran F. Joukar Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran A. H. Mehrparvar Industrial Diseases Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran E. Faramarzi Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran H. Okati-Aliabad Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Z. Rahimi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hearing Research Center, School of Public Health, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran A. Rezaianzadeh Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Diabetes Ther https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01152-5