Vol. 10(1) pp. 1-5, August 2018 DOI: 10.5897/IJBMBR2019.0307 Article Number: 45E102061767 ISSN 2141-2154 Copyright © 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http:// www.academicjournals.org/IJBMBR International Journal of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Full Length Research Paper First detection of the BES-type Extended-Spectrum β- Lactamase produced by Enterobacteria at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) Sougué Serge 1* , Mètuor-Dabiré Amana 2 , Zohoncon Théodora Mahoukèdè 3 , Tiemtoré Rahimatou Yasmine Wend-kuni 1 , Bangré Yasmine Aminata 1 , Zongo Jacob Koudbi 2 and Simporé Jacques 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of life and earth Science, University Joseph KI-ZERBO of Ouagadougou, National Public Health Laboratory of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. 2 Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE), Pietra Annigonni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), University of Dédougou, Burkina Faso. 3 Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou, Saint Thomas D’Aquin University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Received 21 May, 2019 ; Accepted 2 August, 2019. Several studies have been reported on the bla TEM , bla CTX-M and bla SHV genes in Extended-spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteria, however very few studies reported in the literature are related to bla BES in ESBL producing Enterobacteria. This study concerns the molecular epidemiology of the bla BES gene in Enterobacteria identified from in-patients and out-patients at Saint Camille hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). The study was first involved microbiological identification of Enterobacteria that are implicated in antibiotic resistance using API 20 E system; the antibiotics susceptibility test was secondly performed by the diffusion method and the molecular characterization was finally made by PCR to detect the bla BES gene. Data were entered and analyzed using Excel 2013 and EPI Info version 6.0 software. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. A total of 60 isolates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteria were found: 21 (35%) Escherichia coli; 18 (30%) Klebsiella pneumoniae; 6 (10%) Enterobacter cloacae; 4 (7%) Proteus mirabilis; 4 (7%) Serratia marcescens; 3 (5%) Citrobacter freundii; 1 (1.6%) Enterobacter aerogenes; 1 (1.6%) Citrobacter brakii; 1 (1.6%) Citrobacter youngae and 1 (1.6%) Salmonella arizonae. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of the bla BES gene in 38 (63.3%) of bacterial isolates carried by patients. The presence of bla BES gene in ESBL producing Enterobacteria at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou was therefore established in this study for the first time in Burkina faso. Key words: Enterobacteria, Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), bla BES , gene, hospital, resistance, Ouagadougou. INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance constitutes an increasingly human health hazard worldwide, but the hospital has always been known to be the greatest risk (Bradford, 2001). Thereby, the first antimicrobial resistance surveillance data published by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) showed high levels of resistance to several serious bacterial infections in both high and low income countries. Antimicrobial resistance is responsible for about 700,000 deaths a year worldwide and has huge implications for the cost of healthcare