Uncorrected Proof Hormozgan Med J. In Press(In Press):e99984. Published online 2020 June 8. doi: 10.5812/hmj.99984. Research Article The Effect of Educational Intervention on Safe and High-Risk Driving Behaviors in Taxi Drivers Asghar Razmara 1 , Teamur Aghamolaei 2, * , Zahra Hosseini 1 , Abdolhossein Madani 1 and Shahram Zare 3 1 Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2 Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 3 Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran * Corresponding author: Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Tel: +98-7633338583, Email: teaghamolaei@gmail.com Received 2019 December 08; Revised 2020 March 09; Accepted 2020 March 16. Abstract Background: High-risk driving behaviors is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on promoting safe-driving behaviors and reducing high risk-driving behaviors in taxi drivers based on the health belief model and planned behavior theory. Methods: A quasi-experimental study of interventional and control drivers (n = 40) selected by a cluster sampling method was con- ducted. The participants were selected from taxi stations. The intervention group was divided into 4 groups, including 10 people. The contents of the training program were based on driving laws, avoiding high-risk behaviors, and advising on safe driving behav- iors. The driving behaviors were measured at baseline and 3-month post-intervention. Constructs of the health belief model and theory of planned behavior were used as an interventional program framework. Independent t-test and Paired t-test were used to compare the scores between intervention and control drivers and the intervention group before and after the intervention at each of the variables, respectively. Results: Three months post-intervention, the scores of safe driving behaviors in the intervention group were higher than the con- trol group, and high-risk driving behaviors in the intervention group were less than the control group. After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Educational intervention within the framework of the combined constructs of the health belief model and theory of planned behavior can reduce high-risk driving behaviors and promote safe driving behaviors in taxi drivers. Keywords: Health Belief Model, High-Risk Driving Behaviors, Safe Driving Behaviors, Taxi Drivers, Theory of Planned Behavior 1. Background Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are one of the most im- portant health problems that endangers human health. The injuries caused by these accidents are so extensive that they are called road wars (1). Continuous and effective prevention of RTAs requires coordinated and comprehen- sive efforts (2). Statistics show that a death occurs every 5 seconds due to the road traffic accident (3). By 2020, the number of deaths and injuries caused by RATs is expected to increase by 80% in low/moderate income countries (4). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 34.1 death-resulting RTAs occur per every 100,000 population, and Iran has the fifth and the first highest RTA-related mortality rate in the world and the Eastern Mediterranean countries, respectively (5). According to the WHO, the issue of RTA is largely behavioral and can be prevented by modi- fying individual and social behaviors. It is a fact that high- risk driving behavior is one of the important and effective factors in RTAs, and the human factor has been reported as the most common cause of RTA. This factor includes driving behaviors and inadequate driving skills (6). Taxi drivers, as a large group of professional drivers who spend most of their time driving on the road, play an important role in RTAs with their high-risk driving behaviors (7). Con- sidering the growing trend of RTA in Iran, such as: high speed, not wearing seat belts, not driving between lanes, passing red lights, the need to reflect on this problem is im- portant through an educational intervention based on an appropriate model. In this line, several studies have suc- ceeded in improving the high-risk driving behaviors by us- ing theory-based educational programs (8). 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