Open Access Research Article Open Access
Saei et al., J Aquac Res Development 2017, S2
DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.S2-013
Research Article Open Access
Journal of Aquaculture
Research & Development
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ISSN: 2155-9546
ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal J Aquac Res Development Current and Emerging Diseases/Disorders of Fish in Aquaculture
Keywords: Biotox; Growth performance; Enzymatic activity;
Rainbow trout; Afatoxin
Introduction
Afatoxins are produced by Aspergillus fungi, which can infect
many potential feedstufs as corn, peanuts, rice, fsh meal, shrimp and
meat meals [1]. Te afatoxin B1 (AFB1) is very toxic and exists in a
wide range of mycotoxins. Its high toxicity to both animals and humans
makes AFB1 the most dangerous mycotoxin [2]. Liver is the target organ
of afatoxin B1, long-term intake of diets containing AFB1 can cause a
reduction of weight gain, growth stunting and immunosuppression in
animals, while increasing hepatocellular carcinoma incidence [3]. It
seems that efects of afatoxins on fsh depend on the fsh species and
age, as fsh fry are more susceptible than adults and species like Rainbow
trout, (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and European seabass, (Dicentrarchus
labrax) seem to be more susceptible than channel catfsh, (Ictalurus
punctatus) [4-6]. Tese species specifc diferences can be attributed
to diferences in the metabolism of AFB1 in the liver and afnity of
AFB1-derived metabolites to hepatic macromolecules [7]. Te negative
efcts of afatoxin in diferent species such as Rainbow trout, Baltic
salmon (Salmo salar), Nil tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) [4,8-11]
and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) have been demonstrated. Tere
are a number of approaches that can be taken to protect of animal from
toxic efect of afatoxins and these involve prevention of fungal growth,
and strategies to reduce or eliminate mycotoxins from contaminated
feeds, such as physical, chemical, nutritional, and biological techniques
[12]. In the feed industry, the most common method to control AFB1 is
the application of nonnutritive adsorptive materials so as to reduce the
concentration of fungal toxins in the gastrointestinal tract of animals
[13] . Te aim of these additives is to inhibit the uptake of mycotoxins by
an animal in vivo. Te use of mycotoxin binding agents is occasionally
recommended to farmers in order to protect animals against the
harmful efects of mycotoxins occurring in contaminated feeds. Te
efcacy of the adsorption appears to depend on the chemical structure
of both the adsorbent and the mycotoxin [14,15]. Most studies related
to the alleviation of mycotoxicosis by the use of adsorbents are focused
on aluminosilicates, mainly zeolites, and aluminosilicate-containing
clays, all consisting of aluminates, silicates and some interchangeable
ions, mainly alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ions [14,16,17].
Mineral clay products such as bentonites, zeolites, and aluminosilicates
are the most common feed additives which are efective in binding/
adsorbing afatoxins [15]. In the other hand, yeast or yeast cell walls
show a potential as mycotoxin binders Besides its excellent nutritional
value [14]. Biotox is one of the mycotoxin adsorbing agent and consists
of various silicates combined with extracts of the cell walls of a yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that we have used in our study.
Te number of studies addressing the efects of the addition toxin
binders to fsh feed is very limited. More research is needed to better
understand the potential efects of these compounds in diet. Terefore,
in the present study attempted was conducted to examine the infuence
of afatoxin on growth performance, survival, enzymatic activity,
hematological and biochemical parameters of fngerling rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the antitoxic efect of Biotox.
*Corresponding author: Mohsen Mohamadi Saei, Lorestan Agricultural and
Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran,
Tel: +98 17 3222 0321; E-mail: mohsenmohamadi57@gmail.com
Received December 23, 2016; Accepted January 19, 2017; Published January
21, 2017
Citation: Saei MM, Taee HM, Siahpoust S, Taheri M (2017) Effects of Toxin Binder
Biotox on Growth Performance Survival, Enzymatic Activity, Hematologichal and
Biochemical Parameters of Fingerlings Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Fed Diets-Contaminated with Afatoxin. J Aquac Res Development S2: 013.
doi:10.4172/2155-9546.S2-013
Copyright: © 2017 Saei MM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and
source are credited.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Biotox on growth performance, survival, enzymatic activity,
hematological and biochemical parameters of fngerlings rainbow trout fed with afatoxin. For this purpose, 900
fsh were stocked in four treatments at the pools and fed 4 times a day by supplementing the basal diet with 0.1%
Biotoxin
+1
mg/kg afatoxin (T1), 0.2% Biotoxin +1 mg/kg afatoxin (T2), 1 mg/kg afatoxin (T3) and basal diet as
control group (T4) for 60 days. There were signifcant differences (P<0.05) in survival in fsh fed different diets
for 60 days. Survival was higher in the T2. there were no signifcant difference (P>0.05) was observed in growth
performance, activity Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and hematological parameters, of fsh in different treatments. Also,
no signifcant difference (P> 0.05) in serum globulin, albumin and total protein was observed between treatments and
control group. The results of the present study showed a signifcant (P<0.05) increase in Glucose and triglyceride in
T3, whereas serum cholesterol was higher in T3 and control group. Addition of 1-2 g Biotox/ kg feed did not affected
growth performance and hematological parameters, but increased survival of fngerling fed with the diets of afatoxin
B1-exposed.
Effects of Toxin Binder Biotox on Growth Performance Survival,
Enzymatic Activity, Hematologichal and Biochemical Parameters
of Fingerlings Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets-
Contaminated with Aflatoxin
Mohsen Mohamadi Saei
1
*, Hadis Mansouri Taee
2
, Sokaine Siahpoust
3
and Majid Taheri
3
1
Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran
2
Fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3
Research and Development Expert Division, Arya Dalman. Co, Tehran, Iran