270 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36(2), 270-282, 2021 URL: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/43798 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.43798 ISSN 2613-9456 (Print) 2599-2570 (Online) Copyright © 2021 Universitas Sebelas Maret Fruit Morphology, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss by Applications of Goat Manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27 Haviah Hafidhotul Ilmiah 1 , Endang Sulistyaningsih 1 and Tri Joko 2 1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia * Corresponding author: haviah@ugm.ac.id Abstract Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss) is one of indigenous fruits from Southeast Asia that has been consumed for its antioxidant contents. Improving the fruit quality might increase its benefits for human health. This study aims to analyze fruit morphology, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruit applied with goat manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27. The research used two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The first factor is the level of goat manure application i.e. 0 kg plant -1 , 5 kg plant -1 and 10 kg plant -1 , while the second factor is the bacteria application i.e. applied with Bacillus velezensis B-27 and without Bacillus velezensis B-27. The research was conducted in June until December 2019 at Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Fruit length, diameter and shape were measured as morphology parameters. Antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, whereas flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by the aluminium-chloride colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Means of each parameter were analyzed using ANOVA, continued with the Tukey’s HSD test at a 5% significance level. The result showed that the application of 10 kg goat manure per plant with bacteria increased the fruit length (76.78 mm) and the diameter (62.72 mm). Addition of 10 kg goat manure per-plant combined with Bacillus velezensis B-27 gave the highest antioxidant (IC50 of 37.83 μg mL -1 ), flavonoid (5.35 mgGAE 100 g -1 ) and total phenolic contents (44 mgQE 100 g -1 ). Keywords: antioxidant; flavonoid; goat manure; indigenous fruits; phenolic; snake fruit Cite this as: Ilmiah, H. H., Sulistyaningsih, E., & Joko, T. (2021). Fruit Morphology, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss by Applications of Goat Manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36(2), 270-282. doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.43798 INTRODUCTION Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss, usually called snake fruit, is an indigenous exotic fruit from Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Brunei Darussalam that belongs to the palm group (Family: Arecaceae). It has reddish-brown scaly skin like snake and creamy- white fruit, which has honey-like taste (Saleh  Received for publication August 17, 2020 Accepted after corrections May 3, 2021 et al., 2018). In Indonesia, the snake fruit is an important fruit commodity, with the total production of snake fruit of 2.896 quintal year -1 (BPS - Statistics Sleman Regency, 2018). This underutilized fruit remains an issue about future sustainable utilization and commercial value enhancement, which the fruits are actually popular across international markets within South East Asia (Mazumdar et al., 2019).