203 Copyright © 2019, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 9 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6307-5.ch009 ABSTRACT Urban living labs (ULL) are a new concept which involves users in innovation and development and are regarded as a way of meeting the innovation challenges faced by information and communication technology (ICT) service providers. The chapter focuses on the role of urban living labs in entrepreneur- ship, energy and governance of smart cities, where it is performed the relationship between innovations, governance, and renewable energy. The methodology proposed will focus on content analysis and on the exploration of some European examples of implemented ULL, namely Amsterdam, Helsinki, Stockholm and Copenhagen. The contributions of the present research should be the consolidation of knowledge about the impact of ULL on innovation and development of smart cities regarding the concepts of renew- able energy, smart governance and entrepreneurship. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, cities can be characterized as places of great transformation facing challenges at multiple levels. As Johannes Hahn said (European Union, 2011, p. III): “Cities are places where both problems emerge, and solutions are found. They are fertile ground for science and technology, for culture and innovation, for individual and collective creativity, and for mitigating the impact of climate change. However, cit- ies are also places where problems such as unemployment, segregation and poverty are concentrated.” Throughout recent decades, the term smart cities has been generalized to define cities with a set of characteristics that differentiate them from traditional cities. The concept of a smart city is not consen- sual for all researchers and, depending on their research area, different characteristics are highlighted The Role of Urban Living Labs in Entrepreneurship, Energy, and Governance of Smart Cities Ana Pego Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal Maria do Rosário Matos Bernardo Universidade Aberta, Portugal & Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal